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This digital document is an article from Family Practice News, published by Thomson Gale on September 15, 2007. The length of the article is 814 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Community-acquired pneumonia.(Clinical Guidelines For Family Physicians)(Disease/Disorder overview)
Author: Neil S. Skolnik
Publication: Family Practice News (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 15, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 37Issue: 18Page: 32(1)

Article Type: Disease/Disorder overview

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

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In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing.This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to conduct medical research using the most advanced tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. ... Read more

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Pneumonia is one of the most common medical problems encountered in clinical practice and the leading fatal infectious disease worldwide. In the United States alone, 4 million individuals develop pneumonia each year and 1 million individuals require hospitalization, resulting in 75,000 deaths and $10 billion in health care expenditures. Despite the ability of antimicrobial therapy to augment normal host defenses and prevent/control infection, prescribing errors are common, including treatment of colonization, suboptimal empiric therapy, inappropriate combination therapy, dosing and duration errors, and mismanagement of apparent antibiotic failure. Inadequate consideration of antibiotic resistance potential, tissue penetration, drug interactions, side effects, and cost also limits the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy. Pneumonia Essentials is a concise, practical, and authoritative guide to the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP), hospital-acquired pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), tuberculosis (TB), chronic pneumonias, and pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. ... Read more

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Hospital University Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain. Updates therapeutic implications and discusses controversial topics in the care of critical care patients with severe community acquired pneumonia. Covers the management of respiratory failure, and approaches to severe legionellosis. DNLM: Pneumonia--Therapy. ... Read more

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This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone! ... Read more

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Continuing to serve as the definitive source on the subject, Pneumocystis Pneumonia offers a detailed update on the biology, pathogenesis, genetics, and immunology of Pneumocystis. This reference offers invaluable research and previously unpublished findings, and provides in-depth reviews on the development of new drugs, insights into host-pathogen interactions, emerging diagnostic techniques, global perspectives of the infection, future directions in the field, and more. This volume also provides a discussion of the genetic diversity of the disease in the context of nomenclature and recognition of species and molecular typing as well as description of the ongoing genome project. ... Read more

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Pneumonia (along with influenza) is the sixth leading cause ofdeath in adults. About 4 million adults develop pneumonia each year inthe US, resulting in 64 million days of restricted activity, 39million days of bed confinement, and 10 million days of lost work. Yetthe admission rates to hospital, length of stay, investigations,antimicrobial therapy and prevention strategies vary greatly from onegeographic area to the next, and the scientific basis for many of ourmanagement strategies for pneumonia is weak to nonexistent. There areover 100 microbial agents that can cause pneumonia and many of these,especially Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group A streptococcus, andStaphylococcus aureus, are in a state of flux in terms ofchanging antimicrobial resistance. This book is designed to providenew information about pneumonia and identify critical researchquestions that will come to the fore as we enter the 21st century. ... Read more

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Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. As health care has expanded into community settings, including outpatient clinics, long-term care facilities, and dialysis centers, a new category of pneumonia—health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP)—has been defined. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is rising among community-acquired infections, and the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, particularly the severe form of necrotizing pneumonia mediated by USA 300 in young and healthy individuals, warrants attention. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most prevalent causative pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), S aureusinfections are increasingly being reported in community settings, especially in patients with HCAP. Recent surveillance of community-dwelling adults with pneumonia admitted to United States hospitals has demonstrated a steady increase in S aureus isolates. Thus, MRSA should be considered in severe pneumonia associated with influenza-like symptoms, particularly when accompanied by hemoptysis or leukopenia. However, MRSA pneumonia also can develop in the absence of preceding influenza-like illness. Effective empiric therapy for pneumonia, whether CAP or HCAP, mandates selection of an agent with coverage against all likely pathogens. Failure to provide adequate initial antimicrobial coverage has been associated with an increased risk of death. The spread of resistant pathogens in the community challenges currently available antimicrobial agents for effective treatment of MRSA-mediated pneumonia. Approval of newer antimicrobials with MRSA activity may provide additional options for the management of pneumonia. This article provides a review of the role of MRSA as a causative pathogen in CAP and HCAP. ... Read more

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Abstract: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the sixth or seventh leading cause of death in the United States (1), the No. 1 cause of infection-related death, and the reason for more than 1 million hospital admissions each year. The overall mortality rate for patients hospitalized with pneumonia remains high at 12%, and even higher rates are observed in the elderly, patients debilitated by comorbid disease, and those requiring intensive care. The clinical challenge in caring for patients with pneumonia involves the lack of definitive tests to establish a cause; signs, symptoms, and physical findings that do not differentiate bacterial pneumonia from pneumonia caused by "atypical agents"; and the fact that therapy must be started before a cause can be identified. ... Read more

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Abstract: The microbiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in older adults, particularly in residents of long-term care facilities, differs from that in the general US population. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are important, newly appreciated causes of pneumonia and triggers of comorbid disease exacerbations that often lead to hospitalization of high-risk elderly patients with underlying heart or lung disease. Here, Dr High examines the diagnostic and treatment strategies that are needed in older adults and outlines preventive methods that may greatly reduce the risk of illness in this population. ... Read more

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Guidelines Pocketcards are multi-folded cards containing society-endorsed, evidence-based treatment guidelines in a brief algorithmic format that is most preferred by practicing clinicians, quality managers, nurses, educators, and medical students. The Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guidelines Pocketcard is endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and American Thoracic Society (ATS) and is based on the latest IDSA and ATS guidelines. This practical quick-reference tool contains screening, diagnostic, treatment algorithm, drug therapy, dosing information, patient monitoring, and counseling points. It provides all that is needed to make accurate clinical decisions at the point of care including: Key Points;CURB-65 Severity Scores for CAP; Pneumonia PORT Severity Index (PSI); Evaluation and Initial Management Algorithm; Criteria for Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia; Clinical Indications for more Extensive Diagnostic Testing; Initial Empirical Antibiotic Therapy for Suspected Bacterial CAP; Current Medication Tables with Brand and Generic Names; Detailed drug information - strengths, formulations, comments. Applications: point-of-care, education, QI interventions, clinical trials, medical reference, clinical research. ... Read more

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Viral pneumonias resulting from community outbreaks of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus infection, and parainfluenza can be life-threatening in elderly and immunocompromised persons. In this article, Drs Chien and Johnson discuss the clinical characteristics of these viruses, therapeutic options, and preventive measures. Part 1 of this article, in the January issue, presented a multifaceted approach to diagnosis of viral pneumonias. Part 2, published in February, focused on the five pathogens most likely to cause pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Chien JW, Johnson JL. Viral pneumonias: epidemic respiratory viruses. Postgrad Med 2000;107(3):41-52 ... Read more

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Pneumonia Essentials is a concise, practical, and authoritative guide to the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP), nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia (NP), tuberculosis (TB), chronic pneumonias, and pneumonias in the immunocompromised host. ... Read more