81. Radiometric Dating radiometric dating. I. Radioactive Decay. Spontaneous disintegrationof an unstable nucleus through loss of electrons, protons, or http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/emartin/gly2100/lecturenotes/dating.html

Radiometric Dating I. Radioactive Decay Spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nucleus through loss of electrons, protons, or neutrons to form an atom of another element. In the process radiation (a form of energy) is given off. Parent = original atom Daughter = the newly formed atom, the product of the radioactive decay A. Atomic Structure Elements (a substance that can not be broken down into another substance by ordinary chemical methods.) are made up of atoms An Atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains all the physical and chemical properties of that element. Composed of a nucleus and an electron cloud. Atomic nucleus- Contains protons (+1) and neutrons (no charge) Protons and neutrons each have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (1/12 of a C atom). They make up almost all of the mass of an atom, but only a small part of the volume. Electrons- are negatively charges atomic particles (-1), so tiny, essentially no mass. Found circling the nucleus in a cloud. Electrons make up most of the volume, but essential none of the mass of an atom. The number of protons defines the element.

82. Radiometric Dating EARTH SCIENCE LAB radiometric dating. radiometric dating Graphical Method. 1,736, 1472, 2, 918, 6426, 3, 528, 12144, radiometric dating - Mathematical Method. http://www.bhc.edu/academics/science/harwoodr/Geol101/labs/radiometric/

83. Radiometric Dating radiometric dating. Follow Ups Post Followup Exmormon.org Honest InquiryMessage Board FAQ Posted by Walker on July 09, 1998 at 190430 http://www.exmormon.org/boards/honestboard/messages/995.html

radiometric dating Follow Ups Post Followup Exmormon.org- Honest Inquiry Message Board FAQ Posted by Walker on July 09, 1998 at 19:04:30: In Reply to: Carbon-14 Age Dating posted by Hinge on July 09, 1998 at 18:00:49: I found the arguments at this site very convincing http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~lindsay/creation/age_of_earth.html basically shows that radiometric dating of different elements from the same location, ice-core layers, coral fossils, astronomical cycles, rock layers, comet impacts all conspire to make a consistant and very old (at least 4 billion years) earth age. re: carbon-14 dating. The atmosphere actually doesn't contain a constant ratio of carbon isotopes. It varies by 6-15% depending on solar radiation and other things (maybe fossil fuels). But none of that matters because living Bristle cone pine trees have recorded this change in ratio back several thousand years. By lining the rings up with dead bristle cone pines, the carbon-14 record goes back 10,000 years. Thus dead organisms can be accurately dated that far back. Carbon-14 can be used with less precission up to 50,000 years ago. I've got more if you want and I can provide links. Follow Ups Exmormon.org- Honest Inquiry Message Board

84. Geol 02C Historical Geology - Radiometric Dating Geol 02C Historical Geology J Bret Bennington. radiometric datingof the Rock Record. Determining Absolute Ages. radiometric dating. http://people.hofstra.edu/hu/faculty/bret_bennington/2cnotes/dating.html

Geol 02C Historical Geology J Bret Bennington Radiometric Dating of the Rock Record Determining Absolute Ages Absolute ages are direct measurements of the age of a rock in years, as opposed to a relative age that simply puts rock layers in time order. Radiometric Dating Shortly after the discovery in 1895 that certain radioactive atoms decay spontaneously through the emission of high energy particles into different non-radioactive atoms, scientists realized that this could provide a method for determining the absolute age of certain rocks. The key to radiometric dating is the fact that radioactive elements all have a distinct and unchanging half life Radioactive decay Radioactive decay is a stochastic process - it is impossible to predict when exactly a single individual atom will decay, but there is a finite and measurable probability that a certain percentage of a large population of them will decay over a period of time. Half lives The half life is defined as the time it take one half of the present radioactive atoms to decay. The radioactive element is called a radioisotope or parent isotope and the non-radioactive end product of decay is called a daughter isotope . Half lives are physical constants that depend only on the type of atom decaying. Half life values appear to be unaffected by temperature, pressure, presence of other atoms, etc. They are a fundamental property of the forces that hold together the atomic nucleus.

85. Brown, R. H. --- A Reference On Radiometric Dating A REFERENCE ON radiometric dating. The book also traces the historical developmentof the scientific principles on which radiometric dating is based. http://www.grisda.org/origins/06047.htm

A REFERENCE ON RADIOMETRIC DATING R. H. Brown, Director Geoscience Research Institute Origins LITERATURE REVIEW PRINCIPLES OF ISOTOPE GEOLOGY. Gunter Faure. 1977. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 464 pages. [also, see the review Origins Radiometric age data must be taken into account in the development of a suitable model for the history of Earth or the solar system. A survey of creationist literature reveals that many of its authors have not understood radiometric techniques well enough to satisfactorily relate radiometric age data to their premises. Examples that bring discredit to efforts toward Earth history modeling from a creationist viewpoint are not difficult to find. Because of the extraordinary difficulty of obtaining adequate information for an understanding of radiometric techniques, these authors should not be criticized unsympathetically. The availability of Principles of Isotope Geology now makes it possible for a competent writer to readily obtain an adequate understanding of radiometric techniques. Principles of Isotope Geology was designed for use as a textbook and is written with extraordinary clarity. The author is Professor of Geology at Ohio State University and is one of the world's best-recognized authorities on isotope geology and radiometric dating.

86. Radiometric Dating radiometric dating Radiometric Each atom falls apart on it's own schedule.A concept that is used in radiometric dating is HALF LIFE. This http://lpc1.clpccd.cc.ca.us/lpc/lachappelle/bob/Radiometric Dating.htm

Radiometric Dating... Radiometric dating is a process that utilizes the physical property of radioactivity, which in simple terms is the disintegration of atoms, or the falling apart of the nucleus of an atom. Remember that atoms are comprised of three components: These components are in the nucleus of an atom: The basis of radioactivity is the emission of particles from the nucleus, or center, of an atom and the subsequent change in the number of protons. Protons are the chemical identifier of an element. When protons are discharged from the nucleus, a new element is formed. By the way, these atoms that disintegrate are called ISOTOPES. When an atom falls apart, it turns into a new element. This is called the DAUGHTER product. The original material is referred to as PARENT material. Isotopes disintegrate at a particular rate. Each atom falls apart on it's own schedule. A concept that is used in RADIOMETRIC DATING is HALF LIFE. This is the time necessary for 1/2 of a volume of PARENT material to convert to 1/2 volume of DAUGHTER product. Calculating the age of earth materials then requires the proportion of parent and daughter materials. These proportions are then used in a mathematical equation.

87. [Lancaster University Homepage] [Environmental Science Homepage] radiometric dating using the Ar/Ar Method more information due to be added soon ..introducingthe concept of radiometric dating by the Argon/Argon method http://www.es.lancs.ac.uk/vgrg/People/katy/pages/dating.html

88. Leibniz-Labor The LeibnizLabor for radiometric dating and Isotope Research was established1994 at the Christian-Albrechts University in Kiel, Germany. http://www.uni-kiel.de:8080/leibniz/indexe.htm

Leibniz-Labor for Radiometric Dating and Isotope Research Diese Seite gibt es auch in deutscher Sprache The Lab How to find us Description of the lab Telephone and e-Mail list Recent pricelist, datasheets, etc. Job Announcement news What are we doing? The radiocarbon method C-14-AMS dating Conventional C-14 dating Stable isotope measurements Gamma-ray spectroscopy Recent publications Services we offer Institutes at the CAU Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Institute for Ocean Sciences Special Research Project 313 Archeological Institute (German language only) Geomar Other C links Centre for Isotope Research (RUG) National Ocean Sciences AMS Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit Quaternary Isotope Lab UW ... Radiocarbon Webinfo For questions, comments and corrections of embarrassing errors, please contact: pgrootes@leibniz.uni-kiel.de Last update: January 6th, 2003 (MH)

89. Radiometric-for-beginners radiometric dating for Beginners Version 1.0 Copyright © 1999 by Ken Hardinglast update March 24, 1999 radiometric dating is accurate. http://www.mbdojo.com/~evolution/radiometric-for-beginners.htm

Radiometric Dating for Beginners Version 1.0 Ken Harding [last update: March 24, 1999] here is one important factor on which the theory of evolution depends: for evolution to take place, hundreds of millions of years must pass, and so the earth has to be very ancient. This is one idea that creationists must attack, both for the need to undermine evolutionary biology, and for the need to support the literalist interpretation of the biblical age of around 6000 years. Therefore, not only does biology come under creationist attack, but so does the science of geology. One of the most frequent criticisms from creationists is the criticism of Radiometric Dating methods- the means by which we know that the earth is incredibly old. The fact that radiometric dating is so far beyond the average person's level of scientific education is leverage for the creationists. Most people simply don't have the training to understand the topic. The casual dropping of unsubstantiated statements like “Radiometric dating is full of errors and is unreliable” is an all-too-frequent tactic of creationists that their followers instantly buy into. Check into what creationists say before accepting their statements at face value! Radiometric dating is accurate. But don't take my word for it. Christians who are not biblical literalists are actively engaged in science which promotes radiometric dating. Listen to the

90. Dating Fossils II: Radiometric Dating - Suite101.com Dating Fossils II radiometric dating Author Beverly Eschberger Published onMay 5, 2000. More information about radiometric dating. US Geological Survey. http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/4003/38275

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91. ThinkQuest Library Of Entries Simple explanation of the topic or radiometric age determination. http://www.thinkquest.org/library/lib/site_sum_outside.html?tname=3471&url=3

92. Error: Page Not Found one of the following three locations Departmental Pages http//www.units.muohio.edu/schafesd/exercises/radiometricdating.htmlx; http://www.muohio.edu/~schafesd/exercises/radiometric-dating.htmlx

Error: Page not found The page you requested was not found or has moved. Please confirm that you are using the correct URL. In the event that the page has moved, it may be at one of the following three locations: Departmental Pages http://www.units.muohio.edu/schafesd/exercises/radiometric-dating.htmlx Organizational Pages http://www.orgs.muohio.edu/schafesd/exercises/radiometric-dating.htmlx Personal Pages http://www.users.muohio.edu/schafesd/exercises/radiometric-dating.htmlx If you are still having difficulty, please try the following resources: MiamiSearch http://www.muohio.edu/musearch/ Miami Home Page http://www.muohio.edu/ The MCIS Support Desk http://www.muohio.edu/supportdesk/ supportdesk@muohio.edu If you are the owner of this page and need assistance, click here

93. Radioactive Dating And The Age Of The Solar System Radioactive dating. The In practice, the radioactive dating techniquesused today measure the time since a rock was last molten. The http://pegasus.phast.umass.edu/a100/handouts/raddat/raddat.html

Radioactive Dating The nuclei of some atoms (e.g. Uranium) are unstable and will decay to become either some nearby element in the periodic table or some isotope of the same element. U Pb (710 million years) Rb Sr (47 billion years) The time in parenthesis is the ``half-life'' of the specified process. The half-life represents the average time an atom will survive in its original state. Like popcorn , some atoms decay right away, while others survive much longer than the average. If you start with a pure sample of one of the above unstable elements, after the time in parenthesis has elapsed, half of that sample will have decayed. After one more half life, of the original sample will have decayed (i.e. half of the remaining half). How do you determine how much lead was in the rock originally? A rock which is half uranium and half lead, may be very young and just had a large amount of lead to start. Lead comes in two forms one with 206 protons and neutrons, one with 204. Uranium exculsively decays to the form with 206 protons and neutrons.

94. Index This article can now be found at http//www.asa3.org/ASA/resources/Wiens.html http://www.asa3.org/ASA/topics/Bible-Science/Wiens.html

This article can now be found at http://www.asa3.org/ASA/resources/Wiens.html

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