1. Bio-Organics Mycorrhizae Inoculants Are Adding Life To Soil. Specializes in mycorrhizae inoculants, biological fungi additives to aid longterm soil management. Offers monthly bio-organics newsletter. It is well known that mycorrhizae can benefit the growth and health of plants, but it is not widely known or http://www.bio-organics.com/

ENTER YOUR NAME EMAIL ADDRESS FOR BIO-ORGANICS MONTHLY NEWSLETTER BY EMAIL Name: Email: 2002 Newsletters Archive CLICK HERE PRIVACY: Your name and email address will not be used by Bio-Organics or any others for any other purpose than to send your monthly newsletter! UNSUBSCRIBE: To remove your name from our subscribers list, CLICK HERE and request your name be removed. I t is well known that mycorrhizae can benefit the growth and health of plants, but it is not widely known or appreciated just how critical and normal this association is to the well-being of plants, especially in disturbed ecosystems." - Dr. Robert G. Linderman, USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory The management of soil biology is still a new concept to many growers, but many soil scientists now believe that the strategic use of mycorrhizal fungi and other biological additives represents the next big advancement in plant culture , both for food crops and ornamentals.

2. Mycorrhizae mycorrhizae PlantFungus Partners. mycorrhizae result from the symbiosis(partnership) between a fungus' hyphae and a living plant root. http://www.herb.lsa.umich.edu/kidpage/Mycorhiz.htm

Home Catalog Mushrooms Mycorrhizae: Plant-Fungus Partners Unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food. They absorb their food from dead organic matter, or other living organisms. The source of their food is called a substrate if it is dead, and a host if it is living. The body (mycelium) of a fungus is made of threads called hyphae. Hyphae absorb nutrients from the substrate, spread, grow, and produce fruiting bodies. The fruiting body of the fungus is the part that we can see, and touch. Fruiting Bodies Black Truffle Cup Fungus Morel Giant Puffball Mushroom Earth Star Mycorrhizae result from the symbiosis (partnership) between a fungus' hyphae and a living plant root. Symbiotic partnerships occur only between living organisms. If a fungus obtains its carbohydrates from dead organic matter it is a "decomposer" and not symbiotic. Symbiotic partnerships are formed in three ways. A parasitic relationship benefits the fungus but harms the host. In mutual symbiosis, both fungus and host benefit from their partnership. A neutral symbiosis benefits the fungus with no harm or benefit to the host. Mycorrhizal symbioses are mutual and two types are recognized: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.

3. Plant Health Care, Inc. - Mycorrhizal Fungal, Mycorrhizae And Beneficial Bacteri A microbial biotechnology company specializing in the development of products and solutions for the commercial tree care, horticulture, turfgrass, forestry and land reclamation industries. http://www.planthealthcare.com/

Page Update: Search Our Site: A Natural Systems Approach PHC Product Catalog PHC Product Trials ... Associations Plant Health Care, Inc. 440 William Pitt Way Pittsburgh, PA 15238 info@planthealthcare.com Privacy Policy and License Agreement Home ... Order Free Product Catalog Plant Heath Care, Inc. Expands Its Arbor Line Plant Health Care Inc. has expanded its portfolio of microbe-based soil fertility/plant nutrition products with the addition of PHC TM for Trees 27-9-9 and PHC TM for Trees 11-22-22. Both products are based on a unique new soil fertility and plant nutrition program designed to supply and sustain adequate amounts of mineral nutrients for growth, vigor and health in trees – A Nutrient Management System... Click to read more There are 6 PHC-TV presentations. Each presentation is creatively assembled with animation and audio. Enjoy!

4. Mycorrhizae mycorrhizae mycorrhizae. mycorrhizae which means fungus root are a group of fungi which forms a symbiotic http://www.citygardening.net/mycorr

Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae which means fungus root are a group of fungi which forms a symbiotic relationship with the roots of many plants with the notable exception of members of Brassica(cabbage family) and Chenopodiaceae( Sugar Beets) . They are divided into two types: Ectotrophic and endotrophic. The ectotrophic are members of the Basidiomycetes family which includes literally thousands of members. They exist between the epidermal root cells and use pectin and carbohydrates for continual growth. The infection usually occurs in the first growing season after the primary leaves have been formed. The infection either comes from other mycorrhizae roots or via spores. They are mainly found associated with trees and have been found in certain cases to be essential to the growth of members of the Pinus(Pines) and Picea(Spruces) families of trees on newly drained organic soils.

5. Mycorrhiza Information Exchange Web Site: Clearinghouse For Information On Resea Global clearinghouse for mycorrhizal information. Organized links and information related for education, Category Science Biology Mycology mycorrhizae......Welcome to a global clearinghouse for mycorrhizal information. We try to organize and maintain upto-date links to information of use to those working with http://mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu/

Welcome to the Mycorrhiza Information Exchange. Your browser does not support frames. Please load http://mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu/mycor.htm to view the site without frames. Please contact me if your browser has trouble with this site (maybe we can work something out). Thanks.

6. Mycorrhizal Products For Your Plants Welcome to Mycorrhizal Applications Inc. Get answers to your questions aboutmycorrhizae and their uses. for yourself mycorrhizae in action. http://www.mycorrhizae.com/

Do my plants need Mycorrhizae Find out Here! Science Helping Your Plants Grow Better Welcome to Mycorrhizal Applications Inc. Get answers to your questions about mycorrhizae and their uses. Our staff has 25 years research and practical experience with mycorrhizae and has published over 60 USDA studies, University reports, book chapters and peer reviewed journal articles. Our research and application of mycorrhizal technology has been featured on several national and international television programs concerning the importance of the living soil We are America's #1 supplier of quality mycorrhizae for forest nurseries, industry and soil manufacturers. We emphasize using diverse, specifically selected mycorrhizal fungi that improve plant establishment, vigor, and growth. for yourself mycorrhizae in action.

7. Mycorrhizal Applications- Americas #1 Producer Of Mycorrhizal Inoculant Do my plants need mycorrhizae? Find out Here! Science Helping Your PlantsGrow Better. What are mycorrhizae? The word mycorrhizae http://www.mycorrhizae.com/WhatAreMyco.php

Do my plants need Mycorrhizae Find out Here! Science Helping Your Plants Grow Better What are mycorrhizae? The word "mycorrhizae" literally means "fungus-roots" and defines the close mutually beneficial relationship between specialized soil fungi (mycorrhizal fungi) and plant roots. (See picture of mycorrhizal pine seedlings growing in a glass box. Miles of white fungal filaments radiate from the root system of these little trees) Benefits include: Improved nutrient and water uptake Improved root growth Improved plant growth and yield Improved disease resistance Reduced transplant shock Reduced drought stress

8. ICOM 1 ICOM 1 International Conference on mycorrhizae August 49, 1996 TheFirst International Conference on mycorrhizae (ICOM) was held http://plantbio.berkeley.edu/~bruns/icom.html

ICOM 1 International Conference on Mycorrhizae August 4-9, 1996 The First International Conference on Mycorrhizae (ICOM) was held on the Berkeley campus of the University of California during the period of August 4th through 9th, 1996. Meetings and seminars covered all aspects of mycorrhizal research. Preconference workshops and field trips were offered during the period of July 31st through August 3rd, of 1996. The meeting was a resounding success. ICOM 2 , the Second International Conference on Mycorrhizae, was held in Uppsala, Sweden, on July 5-10, 1998. The organizers look forward to your participation at ICOM 3 , the Third International Conference on Mycorrhizae, which will be held in Adelaide, Australia on July 8-13, 2001. Table of Contents Abstracts and Presentations Historical Photographs ICOM 1 Mailing Address ICOM 2 Home Page ... UC Berkeley Information ICOM 1 attempted to provide a forum for presenting current work in all areas of mycorrhizal research, and for bridging gaps between the typically segregated subdisciplines or competing methodologies. The program was arranged to accomplish this goal in the following ways: most sessions integrated ectomycorrhizae, arbuscular mycorrhizae, and other types of mycorrhizae whenever possible

9. Mycorrhizae Part 2 Mycorrhizal Fungi Part Two. http://plantbio.berkeley.edu/~bruns/fungi3.html

Mycorrhizal Fungi Part Two thelephoroid arbutoid mycorrhiza thelephoroid arbutoid mycorrhiza orchidoid mycorrhiza a close up of the myccorrhiza to the left formed by the same thelephoroid fungus as the cross section to the left a small piece of bark containing a fruitbody of Tomentella sublilicina (upper right hand corner). Tomentella sublilicina This was the first collection of this species that we found at Point Reyes and was the DNA source for the RFLP match. unknown ectomycorrhizae unknown ectomycorrhizae on Douglas-fir on manzanita The tour continues with some photos of rust fungi the beginning shared equipment sample results the ant colony point reyes point reyes fire sierra nevada mushrooms mycorrhizae part 1 mycorrhizae part 2 rust fungi post fire fungi Bruns Lab Home Page Last updated: Friday April 7, 2000

10. A Source Of Information On Mycorrhiza, And Habitat Restoration. Topics include the benefits of mycorrhizae to the plant and uses in habitat restoration, revegetation, Category Science Biology Mycology mycorrhizae....... .WELCOME TO An Above Grounder's Introduction to Mycorrhiza. Youhave found the spot to get introductory information on mycorrhiza http://www.mycorrhiza.com/mycojava/

W ELCOME TO... An Above Grounder's Introduction to Mycorrhiza You have found the spot to get introductory information on mycorrhiza, the "other half of the root system." Go ahead and mouse your way through our Web site. You can find general information on mycorrhiza, the benefits of mycorrhiza to the plant, how to use mycorrhiza in habitat restoration and revegetation , current applications of mycorrhiza in agriculture , a few useful links to other mycorrhiza information on the Internet, and current information on our VAM products From here you can visit our downloads page for PDF publications on mycorrhiza, restoration, and land imprinting. You can also see the site contents , go to the Tree of Life Nursery site, find contact information, or go to our search page. E-mail Mike Evans and Staff: Service@Mycorrhiza.com Phone: (949) 728-0685 Tree of Life Nursery FAX: (949) 728-0509

11. Mycorrhizae The roots of almost all higher plants are known to form mutualistic symbioses with fungi. These are termed mycorrhizae (fungus roots, from the Greek mykes = mushroom or fungus and rhiza = root). http://www.ibiblio.org/london/agriculture/feedback/new-links/msg00020.html

[Prev] [Next] [Index] Mycorrhizae To pcinet@sunsite.unc.edu Subject : Mycorrhizae From london@mercury.interpath.com Date : Sun, 07 Jul 1996 22:09:49 -0400 Organization : Venaura Farm Reply-To london@mercury.interpath.com http://users.caribnet.net/~lec/types.html Title: Mycorrhizae Mycorrhizae The roots of almost all higher plants are known to form mutualistic symbioses with fungi. These are termed mycorrhizae (fungus roots, from the Greek: mykes = mushroom or fungus and rhiza = root). Allen (1991) defined a mycorrhiza as " a mutualistic symbiosis between plant and fungus localised in a root or root-like structure in which energy moves primarily from plant to fungus and inorganic resources move from fungus to plant Fungi of very diverse kinds, belonging to all the major groups, take part in mycorrhizae. Based on morphology and the species involved, several different types are recognised. These are described below. The types can be distinguished by their positions along two gradients, from a lack of penetration of cortical cells (ectomycorrhizae) to penetration (vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae) and from an enclosed (ectomycorrhizae) to open root (vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae). Any natural ecosystem normally contains a mixture of types of mycorrhizal associations The main mycorrhizal response is one of increased efficiency of mineral uptake especially of poorly mobile ions and there is a voluminous literature dealing with the nutritional benefits that plants derive from mycorrhizal associations. Mycorrhizae are also involved in the transfer of nutrients from components of soil minerals and organic residues to solution, and in nutrient cycling in an ecosystem.

12. Dynamic Directory - Science - Biology - Mycology - Mycorrhizae Above Grounder's Introduction to mycorrhizae Topics include the benefits of mycorrhizae to the plant and uses in http://www.maximumedge.com/cgi/dir/index.cgi/Science/Biology/Mycology/Mycorrhiza

var AdLoaded = false; var bsid = '18707'; var bsads = '6'; var bsloc = ''; var bswx = 468; var bshx = 60; var bsw = '_top'; var bsb = 'FFFFFF'; var bsf = '000000'; var bsalt = 'off'; MaximumEdge.com Search E-Mail News ... Maps Dynamic Directory Top Science Biology Mycology :Mycorrhizae Categories Web Pages See also: Science: Agriculture: Soils Science: Biology: Botany Science: Biology: Ecology: Microbial Ecology Science: Biology: Ecology: Plant Ecology ... Above Grounder's Introduction to Mycorrhizae - Topics include the benefits of mycorrhizae to the plant and uses in habitat restoration, revegetation, and agriculture. Mycorrhiza Information Exchange Web Site - Global clearinghouse for mycorrhizal information. Organized links and information related for education, research and business applications of mycorrhizal symbiosis. The Mycorrhiza Page - Overview on methods to study diversity and physiology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, current research project description (mycorrhiza and soil management) Mycorrhiza.com - Information on the use of mycorrhizal inoculum. Mycorrhizal Inoculum - We are a manufacturer and supplier of products to aid in the establishment and protection of new plantings in reforestation, land restoration, and other non-irrigated applications. Our materials are scientifically selected and developed for maximum performance in your difficult field conditions.

13. The Fourth International Conference On Mycorrhizae ICOM4 Translate this page Canadian Society of Agronomy Société canadienne d'agronomie. CanadianSociety of Soil Science Société canadienne de Science du Sol. http://www.congresbcu.com/icom4/

Canadian Society of Agronomy Société canadienne d'agronomie Canadian Society of Soil Science Société canadienne de Science du Sol

14. Mycorrhizae mycorrhizae. by Bill Robinson mycorrhizae are symbiotic soil fungi, present inmost soils, that attach themselves directly onto the roots of most plants. http://www.efn.org/~bsharvy/mycorrhizae.html

Back to the Database! Mycorrhizae by Bill Robinson Mycorrhizae are symbiotic soil fungi, present in most soils, that attach themselves directly onto the roots of most plants. They help the host plants absorb more water and nutrients while the host plants provide food for the fungi. Because the surface area of the hyphae, the feeding structures of the mycorrhizae, may be several hundred times the surface area of the roots, the mycorrhizae can feed on a larger soil mass than the roots and they do so more thoroughly. Mycorrhizae have the potential to be a central nutritional source for the host plant. Mycorrhiza also seem to cause the host to increase the production of certain metabolites but those studies are incomplete. One study compared the fresh weight of a group of different roses whose roots had been inoculated with two different mycorrhizae against the weight of the same varieties grown without mycorrhizae. The inoculation was done by dusting the rose roots with spores of the mycorrhizae at the time of planting. The mycorrhizae employed were Glomus deserticola and G. intraradices. After several months the roses were dug up, washed to remove any foreign material, and then weighed roots and all. The inoculated roses showed significant increases in weight in every instance. Some of the roses did better with G. deserticola while others did better with G. intraradices. In one instance a miniature rose showed a 75% increase in fresh weight with both of the test mycorrhizae.

15. Symbiosis: Mycorrhizae And Lichens Symbiosis mycorrhizae and Lichens. Introduction. The two most common examplein fungi are mycorrhizae and lichens, which we will cover, today. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/BOT135/Lect26.htm

Symbiosis: Mycorrhizae and Lichens Introduction In its most common usage, symbiosis is used to describe the intimate association between two distantly, related species that are mutually benefiting from this association. These associations are obligatory ones in which neither organisms can survive in nature if the two organisms are separated. However, in the strict sense of this term, as it was proposed by de Barry in 1879, symbiotic relationships include a wide range of associations: Phoresy : A loose association where a usually, smaller organism is using a larger one as a transport host. Normally used in references to arthropods and fishes. An example of the latter is the remora, illustrated below, in Fig 1. Fig. 1: The remora is a one of several species of marine fishes that have sucking disks with which they attach themselves to sharks, whales, sea turtles, or the hulls of ships. Commensalism : An association in which one species, usually the smaller, benefits from the association while the other species seems to be unaffected. Such relationships are usually not obligate and neither species will die if the association does not form. A common example is the relationship between the clown fish and sea anemone . The clown fish can swim into the tentacles of the anemone but will not be paralyzed by its sting. By staying within the tentacles of the anemone, it is protected from fish that may prey on it. However, the anemone does not apparently benefit from this relationship. An example more common in Hawai‘i is the

16. FOREST MYCOLOGY TEAM ICOM2 the Second International Conference on mycorrhizae. Treasures from the Kindom of Fungi http://www.fsl.orst.edu/home/usfs/mycology/truffs.html

The Forest Mycology and Mycorrhiza Research Team has a NEW WEB SITE An ectomycorrhiza of Douglas-fir T his site will now focus on faculty and students from Oregon State University, Department of Forest Science who collaborate with the PNW Forest Mycology Team . We are actively pursuing research on the effects of various forest management approaches on ectomycorrhizal fungi in an ecosystem context. The development of survey and management protocols for conserving and monitoring biological diversity of forest fungi is another important area of concentration. We are also conducting research and developing monitoring protocols for commercially harvested forest mushrooms. Our team has particular expertise with those fungi that produce hypogeous sporocarps (truffles). About a dozen mycological field studies are in place or planned throughout the Pacific Northwest region. The integrated research and extended perspective offered by our studies will produce information on long term interactions between mycorrhizal fungi, sustainable ecosystem productivity, and forest management practices. Forest Mycology Personnel James Trappe , Professor and Guru

17. Symbiosis: Mycorrhizae And Lichens Symbiosis mycorrhizae and Lichens Introduction. The two most common examplein fungi are mycorrhizae and lichens, which we will cover, today. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/Bot201/Symbiosis/Symbiosis.htm

Symbiosis: Mycorrhizae and Lichens Introduction In its most common usage, symbiosis is used to describe the intimate association between two distantly, related species that are mutually benefiting from this association. These associations are obligatory ones in which neither organisms can survive in nature if the two organisms are separated. However, in the strict sense of this term, as it was proposed by de Barry in 1879, symbiotic relationships include a wide range of associations: Phoresy : A loose association where a usually, smaller organism is using a larger one as a transport host. Normally used in references to arthropods and fishes. An example of the latter is the remora (Fig. 1). Fig. 1: The remora is a one of several species of marine fishes that have sucking disks with which they attach themselves to sharks, whales, sea turtles, or the hulls of ships. Commensalism : An association in which one species, usually the smaller, benefits from the association while the other species seems to be unaffected. Such relationship are usually not obligate and neither species will die if the association does not form. A common example is the relationship between cattle egrets and grazing cattle. The cattle egrets are birds that feed where cattle or herbivores may be grazing. The grazing cattle flushes out insects from the vegetation, which benefits the birds, but this relationship does not seem to benifit the cattle nor does it do any harm. Cattle egrets are widespread and have been introduced to Hawai‘i.

18. Mycorrhizae mycorrhizae. Also Current Advances in mycorrhizae Research Edited by GopiK. Podila and David D. Douds APS Press 2000 more details. Softcover http://www.cplpress.com/glossary/G606.htm

mycorrhizae Also indexed as : VAM fungi : endomycorrhizae Compendium of Rhododendron and Azalea Diseases Edited by D.L. Coyier and M.K. Roane APS 1986 more details 88 pages, 80 col photos, 12 b+w illus ISBN 0890540756 Current Advances in Mycorrhizae Research Edited by Gopi K. Podila and David D. Douds APS Press 2000 more details Softcover 214 pages, 51 illustrations ISBN 0-89054-245-7 Fungal Associations Edited by B Hock Springer Verlag 2001 more details Hardcover 250 pages ISBN 3-540-62872-X Mycorrhiza - Structure, Function, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Second Edition) Edited by A Varma and B Hock Springer Verlag 1999 more details Hardcover 704 pages ISBN 3-540-63981-0 Mycorrhizae and Plant Health Edited by F L Pfleger and R G Linderman APS Press 1994 more details Softcover 360 pages ISBN 0-89054-158-2 Mycorrhizal Ecology Edited by Heijden, M.G.A., Sanders, I.R., Springer 2002 more details Hardcover 469 pp, 59 figs., 3 in color, 16 tabs ISBN 3540424075 Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (Second edition) S E Smith Academic Press 1996 more details Hardback 640 pages ISBN 0-12-652840-3 Mycorrhizal Technology in Agriculture - From Genes to Bioproducts S Gianinazzi, H Schuepp, K Haselwandter and J M Barea

19. Current Advances In Mycorrhizae Research Current Advances in mycorrhizae Research book / books, science technical publications,CDROMs, slide sets. Current Advances in mycorrhizae Research. http://www.cplpress.com/contents/C249.htm

Current Advances in Mycorrhizae Research Edited by Gopi K. Podila and David D. Douds APS Press 2000 Softcover 214 pages, 51 illustrations ISBN 0-89054-245-7 Preface Signalling Mechanisms in Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Elicitor Induced Reactions in Mycorrhizae and their Suppression Signalling and Recognition Events Prior to Colonization of Roots by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi External Sugar Concentration as a Signal Controlling Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Gene Expression Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Defence Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Defence Response in Plants Regulation of Plant Defense-Related Genes in Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Plant Defence Responses during Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Symbiosis Molecular Genetics of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Molecular Aspects of Ectomycorrhiza Development Isolation of Genes Induced During Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Associations Using a Combination of Subtractive Hybridization and Differential Screening The Truffle Life Cycle: A Biochemical and Molecular Characterization Carbon Metabolism and Cost of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas Dissecting Carbon Pathways in Arbuscular Mycorrhizae with NMR Spectroscopy Assessing Costs of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Agroecosystems Ultrastructural Changes During Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Outside and Inside the Roots: Cell-to-Cell Interactions among Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Bacteria and Host Plants

20. Mycorrhizae http://www.conejogarden.com/Clippings/Mycorrhizae/mycorrhizae.html

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