1. The Exobiology Branch The home page for the exobiology Branch is http//exobiology.arc.nasa.gov. http://exobiology.nasa.gov/ssx/

The home page for the Exobiology Branch is http://exobiology.arc.nasa.gov

2. Exobiology Strategy Report Describes the plan of the exobiology Program Office at NASA to search for evidence of life on Mars. Prepared by the exobiology Program Office, NASA HQ http://cmex-www.arc.nasa.gov/Exo_Strat/exo_strat.html

AN EXOBIOLOGICAL STRATEGY FOR MARS EXPLORATION Prepared by the Exobiology Program Office, NASA HQ January 1995 This strategy was formulated at the request of Dr. Michael A. Meyer, Discipline Scientist for the Exobiology Program, NASA Headquarters. The writing group consisted of: Dr. Michael H. Carr, USGS Dr. Benton Clark, Martin-Marietta Aerospace Dr. David J. DesMarais, NASA Ames Research Center Dr. Donald L. DeVincenzi, NASA Ames Research Center Dr. Jack D. Farmer, NASA Ames Research Center Dr. John M. Hayes, Indiana University Dr. Heinrich Holland, Harvard University Dr. Bruce Jakosky, University of Colorado Dr. Gerald F. Joyce, Scripps Research Institute Dr. Harold P. Klein, Santa Clara University Dr. Andrew H. Knoll, Harvard University Dr. Gene D. McDonald, Cornell University Dr. Christopher P. McKay, NASA Ames Research Center Dr. Michael A. Meyer, NASA HQ Dr. Kenneth H. Nealson, University of Wisconsin Dr. Everett L. Shock, Washington University Dr. David M. Ward, Montana State University In addition, Dr. Carl Sagan, Cornell University, provided helpful advice.

3. Introduction To Exobiology Explores the field of exobiology from a lay perspective including a selftest. Part of the Cruising Chemistry project at Duke. http://www.chem.duke.edu/~jds/cruise_chem/Exobiology/

Introduction to Exobiology You're driving in your car down dark road late one night with your friends. All of a sudden, you see a large circular object with blue lights spinning right in front of your car. A bright spotlight shines down on your car for ten seconds, and then leaves. As the object disappears before your eyes, you are left in amazement, wondering what just happened. Was that really a UFO? Is there really intelligent life out there in the universe? You turn around to ask your friends, only to find that one of them is missingÉ Sound a little farfetched? OK. How about something a little more down to Earth. You just got back from a two week vacation in Hawaii with your family. You walk into your room, throw down your suitcase, and sit on your bed. You glance over at the lamp on the table next to your bed. Reaching over to turn on the lamp, you notice a rather unpleasant smell. Looking down, there is a half full glass of what once might have been juice, but now is a nice bluish-green color with fuzz all around the edges. Yuck! Where did that come from? Scientists have been asking these same questions for a long time now. Come explore the field of exobiology, the search for the origin of life on the Earth, and in the Universe.

4. NSCORT/Exobiology NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in exobiology. Features research descriptions, training information and links. http://exobio.ucsd.edu/

NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (NSCORT) in Exobiology Research Training/Fellowships Education/Outreach Calendar ... Exobiology Related Links NOTE: Future funding for this program is pending. Fellowships unavailable at this time (2002). Comments or questions on this web site via " mailto " Last Updated September 10, 2002

5. Titan As An Exobiology Laboratory Explains why this moon of Saturn is an object of exceptional interest for exobiological research. http://www.seds.org/~rme/titan.htm

Titan as an Exobiology Laboratory Basic Properties of Titan (Ref: "Saturn" by Arizona Press) Surface radius = 2575 km Mass = 0.022 Earth mass Surface gravity = 135 cm/s Mean density = 1.881 g/cm Rock/Ice ratio = 52:48 (by mass) Distance from Saturn = 20 Saturn radii Distance from Sun = 9.546 AU Orbital period = 15.95 day Heliocentric period = 30 yr Surface temperature = 94 K Effective temperature = 86 K Tropopause temperature = 71.4 K ( 42 km) Statopause temperature = 170 K (200 km) Bond albedo = 0.20 Solar flux = 1.1% of flux at Earth Surface pressure = 1496 mbar Titan may serve as a model of a highly reduced early Earth atmosphere in which the first stages of organic chemical evolution could take place in the atmosphere. Laboratory simulations show that a Titan-like atmosphere, primarily a N /CH mixture, under various energetic excitations forms not only HCN (CN) , and HC N (observed on Titan as a result of photodissociation reactions), but also

6. Biochemistry, Fine Art, And Exobiology Fine Art, Biochemistry, and exobiology Brief overview of exobiology, with some informative links. Also contains her visual work, which integrates figurative art and biochemical themes. http://www.geocities.com/teslathemothgod/

BIOCHEMISTRY, FINE ART, AND EXOBIOLOGY Yes, 'tis I, a sad llittle waif. photo page FINE ART Abstract Rant And how to get into art school. My two cents worth and then some. Let me know what you think, I welcome comments or feedback. DRAWING GALLERY Self as Persephone Drawing on Arches hot pressed paper. The pheasant is native to Asia where the hellmouth supposedly was. private collection Lawrenceville, NJ The Comet Night version 2 detail oil on canvas. Some glare came off the medium, but you get the idea. Work in progress. Yes, I smile in my paintings now. : D Broken Holiday Oil on Maple pannel. Last painting of 2002 : ) On display in gallery behind a filing cabinet Three Fates Oil on Shaped board. private collection Upstate NY Legacy Oil painting on board, just for fun. Glare problem again. VIEW IMAGES FROM THE BIOCHEMIST'S BIBLE , a book I made with woodcuts I just put a woodcut that I'm cutting on the board up so you can see the process. My drawings and paintings are influenced by mythology and science. I am represented by the RF gallery located in Trenton, NJ. Do they all look like my photo? That's no accident, I can't seem to find a model! What am I doing right now? (Obviously not updating the exobiology section.) I'm trying to write a book!! It's making me really happy, I am at 78,000 words.

7. The UK Astrobiology Forum And Network Organization works to facilitate communication between those involved in the science of astrobiology in the UK. Find membership information. http://ast.star.rl.ac.uk/exobiology

UK Astrobiology Forum and Network These pages have moved to http://astrobiology.rl.ac.uk/ Move done: 2001 May 15th Hosted at RAL Maintained by Alan Penny

8. The Exobiology Home Page Has Moved The exobiology Home Page has moved to http// web99. http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3870

The Exobiology Home Page has moved to http://web99.arc.nasa.gov/~astrochm/originlinks.html . You should be sent there automatically. people have visited it since 3 January 1997. If you have trouble, send me a note jdworkin@mail.arc.nasa.gov This page hosted by Get your own Free Home Page or edit your old one.

9. Adamski Foundation - Exobiology / UFOs exobiology, Astrophysical, Lunar, and UFO research. http://www.gafintl-adamski.com

Spanish Version "Las respuestas en Español están limitadas al tiempo de que se disponga. Se agradecería si pudieran enviar sus preguntas y comentarios a ser posible en Inglés." [Limited Spanish responses based upon volunteer time only, please send Your comments in English if possible.] Spanish Translation for G.A.F. by: Jesus Millan Arias - Barcelona - Spain Indications of advanced human civilizations on other planets and implications for earth: Welcome to The Only Authorized Information Last Update: Past Issues Re-Visited - Update Viewing Information: BROWSER Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer MONITOR - This site is designed to display at a 640x480 screen resolution. To see this important information, animations and photos as they are intended to be viewed, set your monitor to view 32 bit color, or as many colors as possible. Set your browser font to default. GAF International / Adamski Foundation Click Here Look to the stars... where others already are Click Now To Launch Into The Site Web Site Production By: Paul Ruez email Kathy Ruez - Design Consultant Special Thanks To: National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Photos To those who continue to come forth with solid documentation to further validate the work and findings of George Adamski.

10. Astronomy Supplement - Exobiology Astronomy Supplement 25. exobiology. Latest Modification October 26, 1998 http://www.physics.gmu.edu/classinfo/astr103/CourseNotes/ECText/ch25_txt.htm

Astronomy Supplement 25. Exobiology Latest Modification: October 26, 1998 Table of Contents 25.1. Life in the Solar System 25.1.1. The Chemistry of Life on Earth Box 25.1. - The Genetic Code, DNA Molecules 25.1.2. Intelligent Humanoids 25.1.3. The Search for Life in the Solar System 25.2. Life in the Universe 25.2.1. Beyond the Solar System 25.2.2. How Many Civilizations in Our Galaxy Now? 25.2.3. Extraterrestrial Communication and Interstellar Travel 25.2.4. Has the Earth Been Visited? 25.3. Traveling the Universe? 25.3.1. Interstellar Travel 25.3.2. Has the Earth Been Visited? Biologists are not unanimous on all the factors in the definition of life, but most agree that life is different from nonlife: It evolves or changes (by chance mutations or otherwise) as time goes on while interacting with its environment in a unique way. But most important, life is not a "thing", it is a process made up of an unimaginably large number of complex chemical reactions that collectively produce all the characteristics we associate with life. 25.1. Life in the Solar System

11. Cosmology This page contains information about the course Cosmology and exobiology read in the fall semester 1999 at the Physics Institute of NTNU, Trondheim http://www.asu.cas.cz/~had/cosm.html

Cosmology This page contains information about courses Cosmology and exobiology read in the fall semester 1999 and Cosmology and particle physics read in the fall semester 2001 at the Physics Institute of NTNU, Trondheim. The part on cosmology is read on lower mathematical level accessible not only to students of physics. A brief preliminary version of the lecture notes can be found in Czech version Individual lectures can be found in this list: General principles example Relativistic cosmology Newtonian cosmology ... Nucleosynthesis The part on general astrophysics was read by E. Oestgaard and the part on exobiology by K. Oestgaard in 1999. The other parts of the course were read by Bo-Sture Skagerstam and Souriraja Ramadurai in 2001. A deeper understanding of the cosmology requires the knowledge of general relativity, which can be found e.g. in Lecture notes on general relativity written for the course read in NTNU in 1997. Concerning the part on exobiology, one may find interesting The Astrobiology Web A wide range of web-pages dealing with related topics is referred by http://www.galacticsurf.com

12. The Exobiology Branch The exobiology Branch conducts research in exobiology seeking to increase our knowledgeof the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe. http://exobiology.nasa.gov/

WELCOME To An Official NASA Webpage The Exobiology Branch conducts research in Exobiology seeking to increase our knowledge of the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe. Answers are sought to questions such as: To what extent did chemical evolution occur in the primitive bodies of the solar system? How did life originate on the Earth, and what role did minerals play? What evidence exists regarding the early interplay between biological and environmental evolution? What do molecular fossils tell us about early microbial evolution? How can the study of contemporary microbes or geochemical samples inform us of past events? The work of the staff in this Branch also provides the conceptual basis and measurement criteria for future spacecraft missions to other solar system bodies such as Mars, Titan, and comets, in search of answers to such fundamental questions in non-terrestrial settings. People in the Branch Selected Research Groups Lipid Biomarker Laboratory Astrobiology Microbial Culture Facility Microbial Ecology/ Biogeochemistry Research Laboratory ... Astrobioinformatics Program Responsible NASA Official: Dr. David F. Blake

13. Exobiology | The Astrobiology Web | Your Online Guide To The Living Universe . The Astrobiology Web Your Online Guide to the Living Universe TM exobiology. http://www.astrobiology.com/exobiology.html

Astrobiology Web SpaceRef - Sections Directory Focus On News Calendar Astrobiology All of Space Last Update 4 Aug 2002 Contact Us astro@spaceref.com News Tracker The SpaceRef News Tracker covers all aspects of space exploration. News in your Palm The size of the SpaceRef AvantGo channel has been increased to meet the demand for status reports, press releases, and calendar events. Please update your channel settings by clicking here . If you are not currently subscribed sign up now Second Astrobiology Science Conference 7-11 April 2002 NASA Ames Research Center Conference Website Once again, Astrobiology.com will be hosting the abstracts for this meeting. First Astrobiology Science Conference 3-5 April 2000 NASA Ames Research Center OFFICIAL CONFERENCE HOMEPAGE Program (with abstracts) Oral presentations Authors (all) Posters (by topic) Posters (by title) Conference Reports Hot Jupiters and Rare Earths: Planets are common. Are we? "What the hell is Astrobiology ?" asks the Secret Service ... Europa: A brine martini - shaken and stirred The Astrobiology Web: Your Online Guide to the Living Universe TM Exobiology Publications and References Exopaleontology Government Resources Organizations and Foundations ... Books we recommend Publications, Newsgroups, and References

14. Space Science Division At NASA Ames Research Center is dedicated to research in astrophysics, exobiology, advanced life support technologies, and planetary science. These research programs are structured around Astrobiology and address some of the most fundamental questions pursued by science. http://www-space.arc.nasa.gov/

Last Updated: June 20, 2002 Home Site Map Feedback What's New Mars analog experiment selected C. McKay and D. DeVincenzi in subglacial lake workshop. J. Scargle chairs data understanding worksop Exobiologists educate graduate students. ... News Archive... Notices Annual Report NASA Laboratory Astrophysics Workshop The Space Science Division at NASA Ames Research Center is dedicated to research in astrophysics, exobiology, advanced life support technologies, and planetary science. These research programs are structured around Astrobiology (the study of life in the universe and the chemical and physical forces and adaptions that influence life's origin, evolution, and destiny), and address some of the most fundamental questions pursued by science. These questions examine the origin of life and our place in the universe. Ames is recognized as a world leader in Astrobiology. In pursuing our mission in Astrobiology, Space Science Division scientists perform pioneering basic research and technology development. For more information about the Space Science Division

15. Exobiology The Astrobiology Web Your Online Guide To The Living satellites, planetary atmospheres, magnetospheres, and ionospheres, exobiology, celestial mechanics, and the history of http://www.reston.com/astro/exobiology.html

16. Exobiology: The Search Of Life On Mars exobiology The Search for Life on Mars Exobiologists seek to understand how life originated on Earth by studying chemical and physical conditions elsewhere in our solar system and our galaxy. http://cmex-www.arc.nasa.gov/SiteCat/sitecat2/exobiolo.htm

Exobiology: The Search for Life on Mars Exobiologists seek to understand how life originated on Earth by studying chemical and physical conditions elsewhere in our solar system and our galaxy. The origin of life on Earth is not well understood but was evidently based on chemical evolution from simple compounds present on the newly formed planet to create a system of replicating organic chemicals. Unfortunately, it is difficult to study early Earth directly because the earliest geological formations have been largely erased by erosion and deposition. In contrast, on Mars we can still see the early crust in the form of heavily cratered highlands. Major exobiology goals for Mars are to Determine whether life presently exists on Mars or, as is thought more likely, has existed in the past Define the nature of early martian environments and understand differences from the early environments of Earth Determine the history of the biogenic elements (Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur, Phosphorus) on Mars and of organic chemistry there (that is, the chemistry of carbon bearing compounds whether biologic or abiologic in origin) In order to achieve these goals

17. Part I. Lander Science exobiology. JD Farmer and DJ DesMarais, NasaAmes Research Center and HP.Klein, Universityof Santa Clara More on exobiology. The exobiology Group at NASA-Ames. http://cmex-www.arc.nasa.gov/MarsTools/Mars_Cat/Part_1/exo.html

Exobiology J.D. Farmer and D.J. DesMarais, Nasa-Ames Research Center and H.P.Klein, University of Santa Clara Introduction This section is derived from Farmer et al. (1993) and includes discussion of a site selection strategy. The fundamental question in exobiology concerns the origin of life. Understanding the chemical and physical processes that led to life on Earth, including conditions under which this occurred, is a primary goal. Currently accepted hypotheses for the origin of life are based on chemical evolution, which proposes that a system of replicating chemicals arose on Earth from simple compounds present on the newly accreted planet, and/or supplied from volatile-rich impacting bodies. Major exobiology goals for Mars are to: Determine whether a biosphere presently exists on Mars, or has existed at some time in the past Define the nature of early martian environments, especially those regarded as favorable for the origin and subsequent development of life Understand the geochemistry of the biogenic elements (C, N, O, S, P) and organic compounds In order to achieve these goals, objectives include exploration for organic compounds, water and/or biologically-important minerals (such as carbonates, sulfates, phosphates), a fossil record, and the presence of extant life (Farmer et al., 1993).

18. Reason's Triumph Has Moved! Transhuman technologies, exobiology, genetics, intelligence, and various outon-the-edge areas of science. http://users.compaqnet.be/jpnitya/science/

Reason's Triumph has moved! I'm sorry for the incovenience but Reason's Triumph has moved to http://www.jpreason.com . Please update your bookmarks. Thanking you.

19. Sciforums.com Astronomy and space news daily.Category Science Astronomy News...... Tristan. Astronomy, exobiology, Cosmology amateur astronomy, astrophysics,exoscience, 8948, 1125, 0317-03 0133 PM by Prosoothus, wet1. http://www.exosci.com/

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20. NSCORT/Exobiology The NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training in Gravitational Biology is a partnership with UCSD, Scripps, and Salk Institutes. http://exobio.ucsd.edu/NSCORT.htm

NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (NSCORT) in Exobiology Research Training/Fellowships Education/Outreach Calendar ... Exobiology Related Links NOTE: Future funding for this program is pending. Fellowships unavailable at this time (2002). Comments or questions on this web site via " mailto " Last Updated September 10, 2002

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