21. Factsheet #17: What Is Autonomic Dysreflexia? National Spinal Cord Injury Association Resource Center. Factsheet 17 Whatis autonomic dysreflexia? How do I recognize autonomic dysreflexia? http://www.eskimo.com/~jlubin/disabled/nscia/fact17.html

Translate this page with InterTran (tm) Deutsche Français Español Portuguese Japanese (Shift JIS) Finnish Italiano Svensk Russian/Ðóññêèé (CP 1251) Nederlands Brasileiro Danske Íslenska Norsk Croatian/hrvatski (CP 1250) Hungarian/Magyar (CP 1250) Polish/polski (CP 1250) Czech/ceski (CP 1250) Bulgarian (CP 1251) Romanian Serbian/srpski (Latin) Slovenian/slovenski (CP 1250) Greek/Åëëçíéêüò Welsh/'n Cymraeg National Spinal Cord Injury Association Resource Center Factsheet #17: What is Autonomic Dysreflexia? Autonomic Dysreflexia (AD), also known as Hyperreflexia, is a potentially dangerous complication of spinal cord injury (SCI). In AD, an individual's blood pressure may rise to dangerous levels and if not treated can lead to stroke and possibly death. Individuals with SCI at the T-6 level or above are at greater risk. AD usually occurs because of a noxious (irritating) stimulus below the level of the injury. Symptoms include headache, facial flush, perspiration, and a stuffy nose. AD occurs primarily because of an imbalance in the body systems which control the blood pressure. The human body is an incredibly complicated and beautifully balanced machine. There are balances to each system of the body, including the blood pressure. One of the major ways the body controls blood pressure is by tightening or relaxing little muscles around the blood vessels. When the muscles contract, the blood vessels get smaller and blood pressure increases. Imagine a garden hose with water streaming through it; when you put your thumb over the opening of the hose, reducing the opening for the water to flow through, the water shoots out at a higher pressure. Similarly, when the blood vessels are smaller, the blood rushes around your body at higher pressure.

22. Untitled Document Alcohol and Drugs, autonomic dysreflexia, Bladder and Bowel, autonomic dysreflexia Click the links below to go to the relevant document Format, Size. http://www.health.qld.gov.au/qscis/INFOdysreflexia.htm

Autonomic Dysreflexia... Click the links below to go to the relevant document... Format Size Autonomic dysreflexia Autonomic dysreflexia for health professionals Link to the Queensland Health Home Page Find information about Queensland Health, our services, fact sheets, brochures, public health and other health topic information. This page last updated 21 November, 2002 Review date: 31 March, 2003 This page has been published by1the: Queensland Health Electronic Publishing Service For enquiries regarding Queensland Health: Telephone: +61 7 3234 0111 Write to: GPO Box 48, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4001 For information regarding this website: Telephone: +61 7 3234 1853 Email: infoweb@health.qld.gov.au TOP

23. AAPM R - Autonomic Dysreflexia In The Pregnant Spinal Cord- autonomic dysreflexia in the Pregnant Spinal Cordinjured Patient. Incidence and clinicalfeatures of autonomic dysreflexia in patients with spinal cord injury. http://www.aapmr.org/resident/newslttr/autonomic.htm

24. Autonomic Dysreflexia EDUBRIEFS in CCTC autonomic dysreflexia What is it? A lifethreateningsyndrome that can occur in individuals with cord injuries http://critcare.lhsc.on.ca/education/dysreflex.html

EDUBRIEFS in CCTC Autonomic Dysreflexia What is it? A life-threatening syndrome that can occur in individuals with cord injuries above T6 (most common in quadriplegia). Autonomic dysreflexia is a pathologic response to pain or other noxious stimuli, and is characterized by hypertension, bradycardia and vasodilation above the level of the cord injury. Can develop any time after the period of spinal shock ends. Pathophysiology Distention or contraction of the bladder or bowel, or stimulation of skin or pain receptors triggers a sympathetic response (from intact autonomic reflex arc) below the level of the lesion. The release of catecholamines causes vasoconstriction and hypertension. Hypertension stimulates baroreceptors in the carotid sinus, aorta and cerebral vessels. This causes the parasympathetic nervous system to be stimulated, which attempts to restore the BP back to normal. The heart rate decreases (vagal nerve), but inhibitory messages are unable to relax the blood vessels below the cord lesion. Vasoconstriction below the level of the cord injury causes the hypertension to persist.

25. Autonomic Dysreflexia Care must be taken to ensure that catheterization frequency is sufficient to preventbladder distention, as a full bladder can trigger autonomic dysreflexia. http://critcare.lhsc.on.ca/education/bladder.html

EDUBRIEFS in CCTC Maintaining Bladder Function in Spinal Cord Injury Bladder Drainage in Spinal Cord Injury In spinal cord injury, bladder sphincter relaxation is absent, leading to urinary retention. As soon as hourly urine output is no longer necessary, the indwelling bladder catheter should be removed to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (a life-threatening complication of acute spinal cord injury). Intermittent catheterization decreases the risk for urinary tract infections. Considerations Immediately following acute spinal cord injury, spinal shock develops. Spinal shock is characterized by flaccid paralysis (loss of bladder tone) below the level of the injury, and loss of spinal cord reflexes including bladder and bowel sphincter control. Spinal shock often coincides with neurogenic shock, which is evidenced by loss of autonomic control (bradycardia, vasodilation, hypotension). Spinal shock can persist for several weeks, and is associated with an inability to retain urine or bowel contents. Although urinary incontinence may be present, bladder emptying is also dysfunctional, making some form of catheterization mandatory.

26. MedFriendly.com: Autonomic Dysreflexia provides an easy to understand definition for the medical term, autonomicdysreflexia. TM, autonomic dysreflexia MedFriendly.com TM TM. http://www.medfriendly.com/autonomicdysreflexia.html

TM Autonomic dysreflexia MedFriendly.com TM TM A B C D ... Why is it called autonomic dysrelexia? WHAT IS IT? Autonomic dysreflexia is a life-threatening condition that occurs in response to stimulation of internal organs (such as an expanded bladder) or of the skin, after the shock of a spinal injury has worn off. Specifically, patients with this autonomic dysreflexia have a spinal cord injury located near the middle of the spinal cord (an area known as T7) or above. T7 (Thoracic 7) refers to the 7th segment of the thoracic (chest) area of the spine. Autonomic dysreflexia is characterized by an impairment of the autonomic nervous system. If you already know all about the autonomic nervous system, then skip the next paragraph. If you don't know what the autonomic nervous system is, then the second paragraph was written just for you. WHAT IS THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM? The autonomic nervous system is an extensive network in the body (with connections to the spinal cord) that is important for involuntary bodily functions that are necessary to maintain life, such as respiration (breathing) and heart rate. The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic nervous system (the part that generally excites the body by doing things such as increasing both the heart rate and blood pressure), and the parasympathetic nervous system (the part that generally calms the body down by doing things such as decreasing both the heart rate and blood pressure). Thus, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work in opposition to each other.

27. Entrez-PubMed Click here to read Anxiety and positiondependent neurologic findingsdue to autonomic dysreflexia. Freudenreich O, Murray GB. Department http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citati

28. Acute Management Of Autonomic Dysreflexia: Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury P Brief Summary. TITLE Acute management of autonomic dysreflexia individualswith spinal cord injury presenting to healthcare facilities. http://www.guideline.gov/FRAMESETS/guideline_fs.asp?guideline=2190

29. L.I.F.E. Center: Autonomic Dysreflexia autonomic dysreflexia. Added August 2002 Author Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Spinal Cord Injury Team Details How to Prevent autonomic dysreflexia. http://lifecenter.rehabchicago.org/content/702/?topic=1&subtopic=

30. Autonomic Dysreflexia Fact Sheet 25 autonomic dysreflexia. CAUTION ! autonomic dysreflexia is a potentiallyfatal condition when it is not correctly diagnosed and treated. http://www.accessarkansas.org/ascc/fact25.html

Fact Sheet 25: Autonomic Dysreflexia Reader: Family, Professional DEFINITION: Autonomic dysreflexia (or hyperreflexia) is a complication which occurs in people with spinal cord injuries at or above the level of T6 (or rarely as low as T8). In other words, it can occur in all quadriplegics and in paraplegics who have loss of sensation at or above the lower rib cage. It apparently does not occur in any condition other than spinal cord injury (SCI), therefore most physicians have never heard of it. For a detailed description of the neuropathology see one of the references in the bibliography. When Does Dysreflexia Begin? The first episode of dysreflexia usually occurs within four to six months after SCI, but may be as early as two months or as late as 10-12 years. Unfortunately, with the short hospital stays these days, many individuals will be discharged from the hospital before the first episode. Even if they were told about dysreflexia in the hospital, they may not remember what they were told and don't recognize the symptoms. How Often Does Dysreflexia Occur?

31. What Is Autonomic Dysreflexia? Information on autonomic dysreflexia, how to spot it, what can cause it,what you can do. What is autonomic dysreflexia ? The information http://www.volcano.net/~xbase/child/scicare/ad.htm

What is "Autonomic Dysreflexia"? The information contained on this page is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advise. For proper care and complete information, your physician should be contacted immediately. INDEX What are the indicators for the onset of AD? What sort of things can precipitate this syndrome? What can be done to manage an episode of autonomic dysreflexia? How can autonomic dysreflexia be prevented? Autonomic dysreflexia (AD), in the simplist terms, is the nervous system going crazy. Individuals that have a T-5, or higher, injury are the ones generally subject to suffering from AD. This is a condition that can be life-threatening and can be considered a medical emergency. What are the indicators for the onset of AD? 1. Hypertension (blood pressure greater than 200/100) 2. Pounding headache 3. Flushed (reddened) face 4. Red blotches on the skin above level of spinal injury 5. Sweating above level of spinal injury 6. Nasal stuffiness

32. Factsheet #17: What Is Autonomic Dysreflexia? Resource Center. Factsheet 17 What is autonomic dysreflexia? How do I recognizeautonomic dysreflexia? Common sources of autonomic dysreflexia. What to do http://users.erols.com/nscia/resource/factshts/fact17.html

The National Spinal Cord Injury Association Quick Navigation Home Page About NSCIA Resource Ctr News Room Comm. Desk Sponsors Chat BBS Chapters Join NSCIA WWW Links Communicate! Questions Comments Submit A Link Submit Story BBS Chat Resource Center Factsheet #17: What is Autonomic Dysreflexia? Autonomic Dysreflexia (AD), also known as Hyperreflexia, is a potentially dangerous complication of spinal cord injury (SCI). In AD, an individual's blood pressure may rise to dangerous levels and if not treated can lead to stroke and possibly death. Individuals with SCI at the T-6 level or above are at greater risk. AD usually occurs because of a noxious (irritating) stimulus below the level of the injury. Symptoms include headache, facial flush, perspiration, and a stuffy nose. AD occurs primarily because of an imbalance in the body systems which control the blood pressure. The human body is an incredibly complicated and beautifully balanced machine. There are balances to each system of the body, including the blood pressure. One of the major ways the body controls blood pressure is by tightening or relaxing little muscles around the blood vessels. When the muscles contract, the blood vessels get smaller and blood pressure increases. Imagine a garden hose with water streaming through it; when you put your thumb over the opening of the hose, reducing the opening for the water to flow through, the water shoots out at a higher pressure. Similarly, when the blood vessels are smaller, the blood rushes around your body at higher pressure.

33. Nature Publishing Group Case Report. autonomic dysreflexia associated with transient aphasia. SC Colachisand LP Fugate. Objectives To report a rare case of autonomic dysreflexia. http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/sc/journal/v40/n3/full/3101251a

34. Nature Publishing Group Charcot joint of the spine, a cause of autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord injuredpatients. spinal cord lesions; autonomic dysreflexia; Charcot's joints. http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/sc/journal/v40/n9/full/3101345a

35. About Us Sexual Health Physiology Male Changes Female Changes autonomic dysreflexia. autonomic dysreflexia (sometimes way. You willrecognize autonomic dysreflexia by these symptoms.. high blood http://www.scisexualhealth.com/autodysref.html

AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA Autonomic dysreflexia (sometimes called hyperreflexia) is unique to people with spinal cord injury above the T6 level and is a condition you should be aware of. It occurs when there is some stimulation below the level of your injury (see list below) that causes part of your nervous system to respond in an uncontrolled way. You will recognize autonomic dysreflexia by these symptoms.. high blood pressure pounding headache blurred vision profuse sweating facial flushing nasal congestion or stuffiness Autonomic dysreflexia can be brought on by specific stimulation in areas below the level of injury. These may include: bladder infection bladder or kidney stones being constipated or having a full bowel pressure sores burns ingrown toenails labour and delivery, vibro-stimulation of the genitals intense sexual activity When autonomic dysreflexia occurs during sexual activity that activity should be stopped for a few minutes. Alternatively, another activity may be substituted. It is important that you try to find creative solutions instead of stopping all forms of sexual activity. If autonomic dysreflexia continues to be a problem or is interfering with your sexual life you may want to talk to your doctor about using a medication that you take just before sexual activity to prevent the dysreflexia from happening. During labour and delivery, contractions of the uterus can cause autonomic dysreflexia which can be mistaken for a condition called pre-eclampsia which some able-bodied women experience with pregnancy. The two are very different and are managed differently. With pre-eclampsia, the high blood pressure is continuous. With autonomic dysreflexia, the blood pressure and other symptoms are only present during the contractions. In between the contractions the blood pressure will go down. Your doctor will be aware of the need to carefully monitor your blood pressure when you are in labour. [See also Pregnancy, Labour and Delivery: link to consumer section on Preg,labour and delivery]

36. He4.html HEALTH. autonomic dysreflexia The nervous system consists of two separatesystems, the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. http://www.paraquad-nsw.asn.au/he4.html

HEALTH AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA The nervous system consists of two separate systems, the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The central nervous system is voluntary. This refers to the parts of the body where the brain can control what happens by sending and receiving messages. The autonomic nervous system is involuntary and refers to the processes in the body the brain does not control, its main function is to maintain a stable internal environment. The autonomic nervous system is divided into two systems. The parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system. Parasympathetic System Sympathetic System The parasympathetic system is the "slowing down" of the system. When the parasympathetic system is dominant: Blood vessels dilate Heart rate decreases Digestive movement increases Sphincters relax Bladder contracts The sympathetic system is the "speeding up" of the system. When the sympathetic system is dominant: Blood vessels contract Heart rate increases Digestive movement decreases Sphincters contract Bladder relaxes Autonomic dysreflexia is caused by a variety of stimuli, creating an exaggerated response of the sympathetic nervous system (comprising the thoracolumbar outflow of the autonomic nervous system) due to lack of control from higher centres. This condition occurs mainly when the level of injury is at the T4-6 segmental levels or higher. When injury is sustained below this level, enough of the sympathetic nervous system is usually preserved to avoid this abnormal functional response (Zejdlik, 1992).

37. How To Treat "Autonomic Dysreflexia" How To Treat autonomic dysreflexia . The Paralysis Society of America 7721711.What is autonomic dysreflexia ? autonomic dysreflexia is http://www.geocities.com/budallen98_98/spinal_cord.html

How To Treat "Autonomic Dysreflexia" The Paralysis Society of America (PSA) received your name and information as a referral from Ann Adair, Associate Director of Medical Service, Paralyzed Veterans of America. I would like to put you in contact with the National Spinal Cord Injury Hotline at , or scihotline@aol.com. The SCI Hotline is a nationwide network of volunteers who share their knowledge and experience with individuals and families who are dealing with spinal cord injury or disease. The staff of the Hotline works with people to find answers to questions ranging from therapeutic programs to home modifications, from medical equipment to sports and recreation. The Hotline facilities their callers search for support and research by referring them to professionals with expertise in SCI/D or others who have personal experience who are in their local area. I believe the Hotline should be able to answer any questions you have about spinal cord injury/disease. For more information about the many benefits and discounts you can receive as a PSA member, we invite you to contact PSA Membership Services toll-free at 1-888-772-1711. What is "Autonomic Dysreflexia"?

38. Autonomic Dysreflexia autonomic dysreflexia autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is an emergency situationpresented by individuals that have a T5, or higher, spinal cord injury. http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/3725/dysreflexia.html

Autonomic Dysreflexia Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is an emergency situation presented by individuals that have a T-5, or higher, spinal cord injury. It is important to be able to recognize this complication, know what causes it, and how to treat it as it can be life-threatening. INDEX What are the indicators for the onset of AD? What sort of things can precipitate this syndrome? What can be done to manage an episode of autonomic dysreflexia? How can autonomic dysreflexia be prevented? What are the indicators for the onset of AD? 1.     Hypertension (blood pressure greater than 200/100). Uncontrolled high blood pressure is the dangerous part of autonomic dysreflexia, for it may be high enough to cause a stroke. 2.     Pounding headache 3.     Flushed (reddened) face 4.     Red blotches on the skin above level of spinal injury 5.     Sweating above level of spinal injury 6.     Nasal stuffiness 7.     Nausea (secondary to vagal parasympathetic stimulation)  8.     Bradycardia - slow pulse <60 beats per minute 9.     Piloerection ("goose bumps") below level of spinal injury

39. Robert C. Blair, Ph.D., Department Of Physiology More specifically, we are examining aspects of the development ofautonomic dysreflexia following spinal cord injury. Autonomic http://w3.uokhsc.edu/physiology/Faculty/blair.html

Robert W. Blair, Ph.D. Professor of Physiology Selected Publications: Landrum LM, Thompson GM, and Blair RW: Does postsynaptic alpha-1-adrenergic receptor supersensitivity contribute to autonomic dysreflexia? Am J Physiol 274:H1090-H1098, 1998. Candler C and Blair RW: An analysis of web-based instruction in a neurosciences course. http://www.utmb.edu/meo/t0000005.htm#t0000005, 1998. Foreman RD, Blair RW, Holmes HR, and Armour JA: Correlation of ventricular mechanosensory neurite activity with myocardial sensory field deformation. Am J Physiol, 276:R979-R989, 1999. Landrum LM, Jones SL, and Blair RW: The expression of Fos-labeled neurons is enhanced in a chronic rat model for autonomic dysreflexia. J Comp Neurol, in revision. robert-blair@ouhsc.edu to Neuronal Control of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems The accuracy of the information contained on this page is the responsibility of the referenced faculty member. No Frames only: return to faculty index

40. Legg And Mason (1998) Autonomic Dysreflexia In Wheelchair Sport: A New Game In T autonomic dysreflexia in wheelchair sport A new game in thelegal arena? Post a Comment. CONTRIBUTORS Author Legg, D. http://www.getcited.org/pub/103367435

getCITED Home Search Add Content Reports ... People Faculties Institutions Edit Publication Edit Contributors Delete Publication Edit References ... Change Bookstack Autonomic dysreflexia in wheelchair sport: A new game in the legal arena? Post a Comment CONTRIBUTORS: Author Legg, D. Author Mason, Daniel S. University of Alberta JOURNAL: Marquette sports law journal: Journal of the National Sports Law Institute YEAR: PUB TYPE: Journal Article SUBJECT(S): law; sport; organization; regulation DISCIPLINE: Law HTTP: LANGUAGE: English PUB ID: Last edited on 2002/02/27 18:45:08 US/Mountain SPONSOR(S): ABSTRACT: None STATISTICS Click on # to view Citations References Comments Quality Interest View(er)s Quality N/A High Low Interest N/A High Low Prev Next ABOUT getCITED CONTACT US USER INFO PREFERENCES PRIVACY LOG IN Comments? Suggestions? Send them to feedback@getCITED.org Sponsors Wanted!

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 86    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20