81. The Internet Vet Column, Volume 2, Number 7 information about kidney disease in cats and how diet may be important in its causeand treatment. Many cats will develop renal (kidney) insufficiency as they http://mailer.fsu.edu/~jmcnair/netvet.html

The Internet Vet Column Tue, Feb 28 1995 This Internet Vet Column comes to you from Dr. Derek Duval. Feline Kidney Disease I received a number of letters requesting information about kidney disease in cats and how diet may be important in its cause and treatment. Many cats will develop renal (kidney) insufficiency as they age. With age the kidneys will loose nephrons (the functional unit of the kidney) and renal failure will result. The kidney (like the liver) has a large built in reserve capacity. By the time we see signs are renal insufficiency 60-75% of the renal mass is lost. The first signs are usually loss of the ability to concentrate the urine which results in increased drinking and urinating. With more damage the toxins that are normally filtered by the kidney begin to build up and can cause depression, decreased appetite, a foul odor to the breath, oral ulceration, and vomiting. In the end stage of renal failure, a low body temperature, seizures, and severe depression and coma can result. In the urine we look for signs of infection, ability to concentrate, and loss of protein. When cats with healthy kidneys become dehydrated the urine will become concentrated. Cats with renal insufficiency cannot concentrate their urine despite being dehydrated. Therefore, a urine sample is very important to the evaluation of renal disease.

82. Appendices - Management Of Type 2 Diabetes: Renal Disease - Prevention And Early age of 40, often in childhood, and is treated by insulin injections and diet. thekidneys (kidney problems are sometimes called nephropathy or renal disease). http://www.nelh.nhs.uk/guidelinesdb/html/fulltext-appendix/Renaldisease.html

NeLH Home Guidelines Finder Guidelines Collection mail this to a colleague National electronic Library for Health Full-text Guideline Collection Index Management of type 2 diabetes: Renal Disease - Prevention and Early Management : Summary Cover Contents Preface Guidelines ... Table of Recommendations Appendix A Guideline Development Group and Recommendations Panel Renal Guideline Development Group The Guideline Development Group is a multiprofessional team brought together on a project basis to consider the evidence of clinical and cost effectiveness and develop the guideline.The members of the Renal Guideline Development Group are listed below. Dr Dennis Barnes Consultant Physician Tunbridge Wells Professor Anthony Nicholls Consultant Physician Renal Unit Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Exeter Ms Val Brown Diabetes Specialist Nurse KCLGuys Hospital London Dr Jean Peters Senior Lecturer Section of Public Health ScHARR University of Sheffield Sheffield Dr Shirley Hopper Lecturer in General Practice Imperial College School of Medicine London Professor GianCarlo Viberti KCLGuys Hospital London Dr Sally Marshall (Chair) Reader in Diabetes Department of Medicine University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne Dr James Walker Consultant Physician Department of Diabetes Edinburgh Royal Infirmary Edinburgh Ms Aileen McIntosh Senior Research Fellow and Programme Manager Section of Public Health ScHARR University of Sheffield Sheffield

83. Appendicies - Clinical Guidelines For Type 2 Diabetes: Renal Disease- Prevention glucose control; blood pressure; lipids; low protein diet; smoking; salt reduction; westop people (who have ‘normal’ albumin levels) developing renal disease? http://www.nelh.nhs.uk/guidelinesdb/html/fulltext-appendix/RcgpRenal.html

NeLH Home Guidelines Finder Guidelines Collection mail this to a colleague National electronic Library for Health Full-text Guideline Collection Index Clinical Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes: Renal Disease- prevention and early management Cover Contents Preface Summary ... Table of References 11. Appendices Appendix 1: The economics of renal disease prevention in Type 2 diabetes (Commentary prepared by Dr James Mason, Centre for Health Economics, University of York). HOPE provides evidence in diabetic patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. In this broad group of higher risk patients the value of ACE inhibition is substantial. Should we screen for microalbuminuria? References: (HOPE) Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators (2000). Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. The Lancet; (UKPDS 33) United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1998). Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet;

84. Diet For Kidney Disease image) Kidneys and adrenal glands Alternative Names renal diet Definition There aretwo types of diets for kidney disease. One type of diet is specifically for http://atoz.iqhealth.com/HealthAnswers/encyclopedia/HTMLfiles/1895.html

diet for kidney disease Images (Click to view larger image) Alternative Names renal diet Definition There are two types of diets for kidney disease. One type of diet is specifically for people who have progressive chronic renal failure , or kidney failure, but are not on dialysis yet. Along with medicine, a low-protein diet may slow the worsening of kidney failure. The other more restrictive type of diet is for people on dialysis whose kidneys have totally failed and are no longer working at all. This is called end stage renal disease , or ESRD. How does the nutrient affect the body? Normally, kidneys filter many substances from the blood. These substances include the following: by-products of chemical reactions in the body salt waste products from the foods we eat water Eventually these substances are passed out of the body in the urine. When the kidneys are damaged, they cannot filter the blood. Substances can build up to harmful levels. This buildup can damage other organs of the body and cause numerous problems. Certain substances are restricted in the diet to prevent this toxic buildup. Information The kidneys also make hormones needed by the body. These include hormones that help make bones and blood cells. The kidneys also help control blood pressure by limiting the amount of fluid and salt in the bloodstream. People with kidney disease are at risk for vitamin deficiencies. Their bodies may not be able to make certain blood cells, which can lead to

85. Department Of Medicine - Staff - Andrew S. Levey He was ViceChair of the Modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) Study, Chairof the Liaison Committee for renal Function Measurements in the Diabetes http://www.nemc.org/medicine/levey.htm

Department of Medicine Andrew S. Levey, MD Chief, Nephrology alevey@lifespan.org Biography Appointments Clinical Interests ... Home Biography Dr. Andrew Levey is Chief of the Division of Nephrology in the Department of Medicine at NEMC and Tufts University School of Medicine. He is Associate Director of the Renal Transplantation Program, Director of the Clinical Nephrology Research Center, and Director of the Division’s Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program. He maintains an active clinical practice. Dr. Levey received his BA (with honors) at the University of Chicago and his MD at Boston University School of Medicine. He completed his internship in Medicine and a residency in Social Medicine at Montefiore Hospital and Martin Luther King, Jr. Health Center in the Bronx, N.Y. He returned to Boston for fellowship training in Nephrology at NEMC, where he has remained for his entire professional career. Dr. Levey is widely recognized for his past and ongoing contributions to clinical research in Nephrology. He was Vice-Chair of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study, Chair of the Liaison Committee for Renal Function Measurements in the Diabetes Control and Complication Trial (DCCT), Chair of the Outcome Review Committee for the Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study, Principal Investigator for NEMC in the Choices for Healthy Outcomes in ESRD (CHOICE) Study, Chair of the ACE Inhibition and Progressive Renal Disease (AIPRD) Study Group. He is a leader in the field of guideline development for the National Kidney Foundation, serving as the Chair of the NKF Task Force on Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Renal Disease, and Chair of the NKF K/DOQI Workgroup on Chronic Kidney Disease. He received the President’s Award from the NKF for his leadership of the Task Force on Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Renal Disease.

86. Calwood Nutritionals ...Nutrition Rooted In Science protein restriction and the progression of the chronic renal disease what haveall of the results of the Modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) study http://www.calwoodnutritionals.com/kidneydisease/references.htm

Switch to Weight Control Reference Materials - Amino Acid Supplementation Abstracts and/or full text can be found in the National Institutes of Health electronic library - PUBMED - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/ . Most articles may also be referenced on Web of Science. Some full text articles require a small fee. If you have any problems locating an article please feel free to contact Calwood Nutritionals, Inc. and we will be happy to assist you. Amino Acid Supplemented Low Protein Diets in Pre-Dialysis Treatment Can renal replacement be deferred by a supplemented very low protein diet? (Walser M, Hill S) J Am Soc Nephrol 1999 Jan;10(1):110-6 Nutrition and outcome on renal replacement therapy of patients with chronic renal failure treated by a supplemented very low protein diet (Aparicio M, et al) J Am Soc Nephrol 2000 Apr;11(4):708-716 Treatment of chronic uremic patients with protein-poor diet and oral supply of essential amino acids. Clinical results of long-term treatment. (Noree LO / Bergstrom J) Clin Nephrol 1975;3(5):195-203

87. Clinician's Approach To Renal Disease In Lizards husbandry and diet are the most common predisposing causes of chronic renal failure,typically seen in the adult lizard, while acute renal disease is often http://www.anapsid.org/diverskidney.html

Melissa Kaplan's Herp Care Collection Last updated August 17, 2002 Clinician's Approach to Renal Disease in Lizards Proceedings of the ARAV , October 24-27, Sacramento CA Abstract Renal disease is a major cause of mortality in captive lizards. Captive husbandry and diet are the most common predisposing causes of chronic renal failure, typically seen in the adult lizard, while acute renal disease is often infectious or toxic in nature and appears to be more sporadic. Historical and clinical presentation can vary and the clinician must often rely on hematology and biochemistry, urine analysis, radiography, and biopsy for a definitive diagnosis. Diagnostic and treatment regimes are outlined. Key words: renal failure, kidney disease, lizard, squamata, green iguana, radiography, urography, endoscopy, fluid therapy Introduction Urine produced by the kidneys flows down a ureter-like mesonephric duct to the urodeum of the cloaca, where it then passes into the bladder (if present) or cranially into the distal colon for storage prior to evacuation. Variable changes in urine concentration and electrolyte composition can occur within the bladder or distal colon. This means that bladder urine is not sterile and may not be a true osmotic/electrolyte representation of renal urine. A renal portal system is anatomically present but its functional significance is questionable. Nevertheless all potentially nephrotoxic or renally excreted drugs should be injected into the cranial part of the lizard.

88. Diet - Chronic Kidney Disease disease Injury Nutrition Poison Special Topic Surgery Symptoms Test A B C D E F G H I K L M N P R S T V W Z Overview Food Sources Recommendations Side Effects diet chronic kidney disease Definition This diet is used in the people with abnormal http://www.iowaclinic.com/adam/ency/article/002442.shtml

Disease Injury Nutrition Poison ... Side Effects Diet - chronic kidney disease Definition: This diet is used in the people with abnormal kidney renal function to prevent progression of renal disease. It is usually low in protein and may be low-sodium, and low-potassium. It may also involve fluid restriction. In diabetic patients with renal disease, a low carbohydrate diet may also be used. Alternative Names: Renal disease - diet; Kidney disease - diet, pre-dialysis diet, chronic renal failure diet Function: The purpose of a diet that restricts protein is to decrease the protein load on the kidney and slow down progression of renal disease. Sodium may be restricted to improve blood pressure control and to avoid fluid accumulation. Potassium is restricted because if it is not excreted effectively, it can accumulate and result in dangerous heart rhythms. Review Date: 2/15/2002 Reviewed By: Debbie Cohen, M.D., Renal and Electrolyte Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA., and Elizabeth Hait, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Home Introduction Specialties and Locations Bill Payment Online ... Health Library

89. 1Up Health > Kidney Diet - Dialysis Patients (End Stage Renal Disease - Diet, He Comprehesive information on Kidney diet dialysis patients (End Stage Renaldisease - diet, Hemodialysis - diet, Peritoneal Dialysis - diet ). http://www.1uphealth.com/health/kidney_diet_dialysis_patients.html

1Up Health Alternative Medicine Clinical Trials Health News ... Health Topics A-Z Search 1Up Health Kidney diet - dialysis patients Information Guide Alternative names : End Stage Renal disease - diet, Hemodialysis - diet, Peritoneal Dialysis - diet Definition : This article describes the diet necessary in patients with end-stage renal disease on either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The diet is usually high in protein and low-sodium, low-potassium, and low-phosphorus. Fluid intake is also restricted. Jump to a Section of this Guide Definition Function Food Sources Recommendations Related Tools and Utilities Search Books on Amazon: Read Articles on eLibrary: Health Products on drugstore.com: Acute renal failure Hyperkalemia Osteomyelitis More ... More More Topics Cardiovascular Protein in diet Vitamin D Vitamins ... More Search 1Up Health Health Alert Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Main Page (Spotlight) A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is the first of its kind, requiring compliance with 53 standards of quality and accountability, verified by independent audit. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s

90. IKidney - How Not To Cheat On Your Renal Diet you eat. When it comes to adhering to a healthrelated diet, renaldisease patients are like anyone else. They tend to resist. As http://www.ikidney.com/iKidney/Lifestyles/NutritionalTips/Hemodialysis/HowNottoC

Thursday, April 10, 2003 Printer Friendly Page How Not to Cheat on Your Renal Diet Here comes a broken record! We hear so much about adhering to our diets. It seems like everyone who's had his/her 15 minutes of fame has a book or TV show out on the subject. My thoughts are not so splashy or profound. Rather, they are just a few management ideas pertaining to living with the many limitations renal disease can bring. As an End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patient, your diet needs may differ greatly from the concepts of healthy living you hear about in the mainstream. For example, on dialysis, you must limit the potassium intake found in most fruits and vegetables and cut way down on your fluid intake when mainstream diets tell you to drink a lot of water. This can be very confusing! Many of the foods that are described as nutritious can be harmful to renal patients; therefore, it is vitally important to learn as much as you can about the foods you eat. When it comes to adhering to a health-related diet, renal disease patients are like anyone else. They tend to resist. As a former dialysis and current transplant patient, this is a feeling I understand. The diet can be very difficult. Some patients have heard it all, again and again, and its dietary litany drones on like a broken record. The reality is a renal diet is very difficult to adhere to. Frankly, I hate the word "diet" because it conjures up something at which most people do not succeed. I prefer to think of it as "my way" of healthy eating.

91. SODIUM AND RENAL DIET Articles on the kidneys, various aspects of sodium and renal problems, and recipes.Category Home Cooking Special diets renal......Sodium and renal diet What is sodium? Last Modified 05/15/01. Source Sodiumand renal diet How To Spice Up Your Cooking . See also in this AZ Guide http://www.kidney.org/general/atoz/content/sodium.html

Sodium and Renal Diet What is sodium? Sodium is a mineral that is found naturally in foods and is the major part of table salt. What are the effects of too much sodium? Some salt or sodium is needed for body water balance. But when your kidneys lose the ability to regulate sodium and water, you may experience the following: thirst fluid gain high blood pressure discomfort during dialysis. By using less sodium in your diet, you can control these symptoms. Hints to keep your sodium intake down: Cook with herbs and spices instead of salt. Read food labels and choose those foods low in sodium. Avoid salt substitutes and specially low-sodium foods made with salt substitutes because they are high in potassium. 4. When eating out, ask for meat or fish without salt. Ask for gravy or sauce on the side, as these may contain large amounts of salt and should be used in small amounts. 5. Limit use of canned, processed and frozen foods. Some information about reading labels Understanding the terms: Sodium Free Only a trivial amount of sodium per serving. Very Low Sodium 35 mg. or less per serving

92. Ensure.com Nutrition For Special Health Concerns - Kidney Disease / Dialysis Kidney disease (also called renal disease) can be either acute or chronic.Acute means sudden, and chronic means lasting a long time. http://www.ensure.com/SpecialHealthConcerns/KidneyDisease.asp

What is Kidney Disease? Kidney disease is present when the kidneys don't filter enough wastes from the blood. Kidney disease (also called renal disease) can be either acute or chronic. Acute means sudden, and chronic means lasting a long time. (Everyone has had acute illnesses such as colds.) Acute kidney disease usually results from massive blood loss, serious burns, ingestion of poison, surgery, or major trauma such as a car accident. Just as people get better when they have a cold, they may recover from acute kidney disease if the cause is treated and their kidneys are basically sound. Sometimes, however, chronic kidney disease develops from acute kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease (also called chronic renal failure or CRF) can result from a number of causes, among which are diabetes, high blood pressure, hereditary kidney diseases, drug side effects, blockage by stones in the kidneys, cancers, or prostate problems. People can lose more than half their normal kidney function before they start to notice the symptoms of kidney disease. Some of the symptoms are nausea, vomiting, tiredness, and loss of appetite. In many cases, kidney function gets worse even with the best treatment. As kidney failure progresses, the symptoms of CRF also get worse. When kidney function is very limited (this is called end-stage renal disease or ESRD), dialysis is usually prescribed. Some people choose to have a kidney transplant instead of long-term dialysis.

93. Webdietitian: Nutrition And Kidneys Health Select a Topic. http://www.webdietitian.com/document/ModuleHome/module/genrl

Search Free Brochures Sitemap Shopping Catalog Home ... FoodBorne Illness Information Center Select a Topic General Dictionary Kidney Function Kidney Disorders Kidney Stones Kidney Disease and Diet Kidney Tranplantation Renal Disease in Diabetes Renal Disease in HIV Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults Nephritis Acute Renal Failure Chrome Renal Failure End Stage Renal Disease Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis Dining Out Tips Renal Nutrition Site Map Renal Dictionary Kidney Function Kidney Disorders Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults ... Renal Disease in HIV Treatment Choices Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis Transplantation Diet in Kidney Disease ... Dining out on Renal Diet webdietitian Marketplace Information New Product Showcase Vendor Marketplace Webdietitian Store Information Links Kidneys Diseases Information Nutrition for Hemodialysis Organizations of Interest Research on Kidney Diseases ... Information on Urologic Diseases Courtesy Links American Dietetic Association Dietetic Practitioner Groups State Dietetic Associations Fast Food Analysis Sodium Counter Enter food item: home "Ask Webdietitian" contact us about us ... customer service

94. Webdietitian: Nutrition And Kidneys Health Select a Topic. http://www.webdietitian.com/document/RLTopic/topic/genrlrenaldiseaseinhiv

Search Free Brochures Sitemap Shopping Catalog Home ... FoodBorne Illness Information Center Select a Topic General Dictionary Kidney Function Kidney Disorders Kidney Stones Kidney Disease and Diet Kidney Tranplantation Renal Disease in Diabetes Renal Disease in HIV Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults Nephritis Acute Renal Failure Chrome Renal Failure End Stage Renal Disease Hemodialysis Peritoneal Dialysis Dining Out Tips HIV-ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY (HIVAN) (Refer to Renal Dictionary for an explanation of medical terms) This renal disease is unique clinically and histopathologically and is thought to be the direct result of HIV infection in the kidney. Proteinuria occurs in up to 30% of HIV-infected patients, but not all these patients have HIVAN. The true prevalence of HIVAN is not known. The geographical distribution of HIVAN is not uniform, and depends on specific risk factors for HIV disease, which include race, gender, and drug use. Clinical Course and Treatment Until recently, the clinical course of HIVAN was progression to ESRD in 6 to 12 months, with limited treatment options. More options are now available to patients. Treatment options at present include steroid treatment, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-1), and antiretroviral therapy. Immune-Mediated Renal Disease In HIV-infected Caucasian patients with proteinuria and hematuria on urinalysis, immune complex glomerulonephritis is the prevalent renal lesion. The etiology of immune complex glomerulonephritis in HIV-infected patients remains unknown. Two forms of immune complex glomerulonephritis in HIV infection are IgA nephropathy and HIV immune complex glomerulonephritis.

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