41. AGR Online/ Environment world’s apes, monkeys, lemurs and other primates are now threatened with extinction primatespecies and subspecies classified as endangered or critically http://www.agrnews.org/issues/196/environment.html

No. 196, Oct. 17-23, 2002 FRONT PAGE FROM THE EDITORS COMMENTARY LETTERS ... Alternative Media Links Threats to primates are escalating By Cat Lazaroff Washington, DC, Oct. 8 (ENS)— One in every three of the world’s apes, monkeys, lemurs and other primates are now threatened with extinction, warns a new report by international conservation groups. The report notes that primate species and subspecies classified as endangered or critically endangered has jumped by almost 63 percent — from 120 to 195 — since the last version of the report was issued in January 2000. “The World’s Top 25 Most Endangered Primates-2002,” compiled by Conservation International (CI) and the Primate Specialist Group of IUCN - The World Conservation Union, was finalized during a recent gathering of the International Primatological Society, at its 19th Congress in Beijing, China. Asia now accounts for almost 45 percent of the world’s most endangered primates, the report shows, with 11 listed in the top 25, including six that are new additions. Africa has eight primates on the list, the Neotropics hosts three endangered primates, and Madagascar is home to the final three primates represented on the list.

42. Biology 130: Biodiversity, July 1 species, 5,611 plant species a. 24% of mammal species threatened (169 Criticallyendangered, 315 endangered, 612 Vulnerable) (primates 19 CE, 46 E, 51 V) b. 12 http://web.bio.utk.edu/guffey/sg13002/Lectures/July1.html

Lecture Outlines Syllabus Biodiversity Home Download in MS word Biology 130, July 1: Decline Text : pp. 656-667, pp. 1145-1153, Chapter 55 (pp. 1154-1175) Learning Objectives 1. Primate taxonomy 2. Human evolution 3. Homo sapiens sapiens 4. Biodiversity 5. Extinction 6. Fossil fuel based civilization and global environments Lecture Outline I. Primates 1. Lemurs and Lorises (Prosimians) 2. Tarsiers and Anthropoids (Primates) a. Tarsiers b. Anthropoids New world monkeys . Old world monkeys and apes a. Monkeys b. Apes (and humans) II. Homo sapiens sapiens (modern humans) 1. Human beings are one species. 2. Since about 40,000 years ago, human evolution has been almost entirely cultural. 4. Human life, all that we do, is a consequence of both our biological and our cultural legacies. 5. There are a lot of us! We estimate that the global human population 10,000 years ago was about 5 million. (Today there are more than 10 cities with >5 million). We reached 1 billion about 1830. 2 billion about 1930.

43. Teachers Has a good links page. http//www.primatesonline.com/links.html. Because all ofthe animals at the Center are endangered or threatened species, the Center http://www.csew.com/ips/

Educational Resources about Primates on the Web The links provided here serve as a source of materials for educators in formal and informal settings. The first section contains links to activities that are ready to use. The second section contains links to web sites focused on primates that provide information for developing educational activities. The third section contains links to sites for conservation organizations or sites that provide activities for biodiversity education, not specific to primates. You may also want to check the resources available from the American Society for Primatology http://www.asp.org/education/teaching.html I. Educational activities Primate Information Network Education Resources : Instructional resources for teachers from the Primate Info Net of the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center. http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/peduc.html Putting Primates in the Classroom : Three part slide set available for viewing on the web of through loans to teachers for use in classrooms. Topics cover social behavior, conservation, and taxonomy. http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/slidesets/

44. CITES Appendices - Primates Trade in endangered Species CITES primates. As of 02/04/1977, all nonhuman primateswere listed as CITES Appendix II (vulnerable to being threatened with http://www.aesop-project.org/Primate_Trade/CITES_Convention_Text.htm

document.write(""+doClock("D1","%20","M1","%20","Y0")+""); Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species [CITES]- Primates As of 02/04/1977, all nonhuman primates were listed as CITES Appendix II (vulnerable to being threatened with extinction) with the exception of six species which were listed as Appendix II earlier*; and species listed as CITES Appendix I (threatened with extinction). Click here for a listing (alphabetical by scientific names or common names) of species listed by CITES as Appendix I. *As of 07/01/1975, the following species were listed as CITES Appendix II: Barbary ape (M. sylvanus); Nilgiri langur (T. johnii); Olive colobus (P. verus); Slender loris (Loris tardigradus); Uhehe red colobus (Procolobus badius gordonorum), and White-throated capuchin (Cebus capucinus). REGULATION OF TRADE IN APPENDIX I AND II SPECIES Excerpt from Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Signed at Washington, D.C., on 3 March 1973

45. Links To Primate Trade Data Domestic Trade in the US Nonhuman primates in the Convention on International Tradein endangered Species CITES Appendix I (threatened with extinction http://www.aesop-project.org/TradeData.htm

document.write(""+doClock("D1","%20","M1","%20","Y0")+""); The international trade in primates is accelerating the decline of our closest living relatives in the animal kingdom to the point of near extinction. Select from the links below to learn more about the international trade in monkeys and apes. Trafficking in Misery: The Primate Trade (article) NEW - The plight of monkeys/apes kept as "pets" NEW - CDC Registered Primate Importers UPDATED - Analysis: Primates imported in to the United States 1995-2002 NEW - Chart: Primates used in research in the U.S. from 1973 to 2001 NEW - Domestic Trade in the U.S.: Nonhuman Primates in the Private Sector NEW - Visual Overview of USDA-APHIS Licensees: Animal Research Facilities; Animal Breeders; Animal Dealers; Animal Exhibitors [plotted by location on a map of the continental United States]

46. About Primates primates are threatened by human destruction of their the 234 primate species arethreatened with extinction these species are critically endangered which means http://www.warthai.org/projects/grp primates.htm

About Primates reproduced by permission of Conservation International Primates are the mammals that are humankind's closest biological relatives. We share 98.4% of your DNA with chimpanzees. Apes, monkeys, and prosimians such as lorises, bush babies and lemurs make up the 234 species of the family tree. About 90% of primates live in tropical forests. They play an integral role in the ecology of their habitat. They help the forest by being pollinators, seed predators, and seed dispersers. Protecting and Conserving Primates Most primates live in tropical, developing countries, and humans compete with them for resources. In many parts of the world, primates are exploited for food, "medicine," and commercial trade. Primates that raid crops are shot or poisoned. The forest habitat that is home to most species is being logged and cleared at an alarming rate by commercial loggers and subsistence farmers for land and firewood. The fate of several primate species will be decided in the next five years. If we humans collectively and as individuals do not act to protect these endangered primates and their habitats, they both will disappear-lost forever! We should not be lulled into complacency by another upbeat report from the media. We must get involved, write letters, educate others, and help the local communities that live near the forest to preserve their wildlife. Sustainable Development Sustainable development is defined as "increasing or maintaining productivity at levels that are economically viable, ecologically sound, and culturally acceptable, through the efficient management of resources with minimum damage to the environment or human health." This is the current theoretical phrase used by governments, international funding agencies, and conservation organizations for their programs to save endangered species and help the local people who will decide the fate of those species. The key word is "sustainable." We must be vigilant to see that what is called sustainable really is sustainable in the long term. What is not needed is more big development schemes that exacerbate the problem and lead to further destruction of forest habitats.

47. Endangered Species Coalition : More Than 11,000 Plants, Animals Face Extinction Conservation Union’s Red List of threatened Species http Risk for 1 in 3 primates,Study Says. endangered Species Coalition 1101 14th Street, NW, Suite 1400 http://www.stopextinction.org/News/News.cfm?ID=523&c=13

48. Endangered Mammals threatened. ** primates Of the 116 species of primates classifiedas threatened, 19 are considered Critically endangered. ** Birds http://wildnetafrica.co.za/chat/problemanimal/messages/9.html

49. Coombs.anu.edu.au/~vern/luat/english/MoA-rescue-centre.txt Memorandum of Agreement upon Rescue of endangered primates of the percentage oftheir world population in this country, are threatened with extinction. http://coombs.anu.edu.au/~vern/luat/english/MoA-rescue-centre.txt

- Document source: [Version: 15 August 1997] http://coombs.anu.edu.au/~vern/luat/luat.html AVSL, GPO Box 161; BELCONNEN, ACT 2616 Australia and Coombs Computing Unit, Australian Nat. Univ. Memorandum of Agreement upon Rescue of endangered primates of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam Background and Justification Several primate taxa that are confined to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, or have a significant percentage of their world population in this country, are threatened with extinction. These include the douc langur (Pygathrix nemaeus and P. nigripes), Francois or Tonkin langur (Trachypithecus f. francoisi), Deracour's langur (T. f. delacouri), white headed langur (T. francoisi poliocephalus), Tonkin snubnose monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) and white-cheeked gibbons (Hylobates leucogenys gabriellae and H. l. siki). All of these primates are threatened by destruction of their tropical forest habitat and hunting for food and medicine, and some are also victims of illegal trade. The Primate Specialist Group of the World Conservation Union's Species Survival Commission (IUCN/SSC) considers these taxa among the highest primate conservation priorities in the world. Unfortunately, these endangered Vietnamese primates continue to be shot and trapped, and their habitat continues to be degraded, even within national parks and reserves where they are supposed to receive of official protection. Because the populations of some of these taxa are already at critically low levels - some believed to number only in the low hundreds - continued hunting, trapping and habitat alteration could eventually lead to their extinction. Beyond enforcing the laws that serve to protect primate populations living in existing national parks and reserves, it is important to begin efforts to create new protected areas where new populations of endangered primates are discovered, the best example being several small populations of Rhinopithecus avunculus that were discovered by scientists in 1992 after the species had not been reported for more than 20 years. It is important that a special facility be established to maintain small captive populations of endangered primates whose wild populations are no longer viable, or for those animals that are confiscated from the illegal trade, and provision should be made for long-term field studies of remaining wild populations and their threatened tropical forest habitats. With the assistance of the international zoological and conservation communities. it is also important that captive breeding programs for several of these primate taxa be developed as soon as possible as an insurance against the possible extinction of wild populations. Objectives It is recognised that: a. increased protection for and a better scientific understanding of wild primate populations and tropical forests in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is of the highest priority; b. establishment of a rescue centre in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam may represent the best hope for the survival of those primates whose populations are already very small, fragmented and under threat from hunters and trappers; c. the urgency of the situation may also require the establishment of captive colonies and breeding programs outside the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; d. the expertise and resources necessary to undertake these initiatives may not yet be available in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, and will need to be provided by international partners to this agreement; and e. project awareness and public education efforts will be needed to inform local people about the need to protect endangered primates and other Vietnamese wildlife. To achieve the above-stated goals, the following actions are recommended: First Party 1. The First Party (The Ministry of Forestry of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam) initiates efforts to ensure effective implementation of the law providing protection for threatened primates, esp. douc langurs (Pygathrix spp.), leave monkeys (Trachypitheus francoisi sspp.), the Tonkin snubnose monkey (Rhinopitheus avunculus) and white cheeked gibbons (Hylobates leucogenys sspp.) in Vietnam. 2. The First Party agrees to work towards the creation of a special area for the Tonkin snubnose monkey (Rhinopitheus avunculus), which does not occur in any park or reserve. 3. The First Party grants permission for establishing long-term research efforts in protected areas where the primates in question occur, and for conducting searches and surveys to document any undiscovered populations. 4. The First Party provides a parcel of land of sufficient size, in Cuc Phuong National Park or other national park and provides the legal framework to construct a rescue centre for endangered primates. 5. The First Party provides the necessary permits for the transportation of primates (either confiscated, or acquired from habitats where in-situ protection is unlikely to succeed, as mutually agreed by both parties) to the primate rescue centre. 6. With the permission of the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, some primates may be available outside of Vietnam (ownership to remain with the First Party) after the second generation. Second Party 1. The Second Party (a consortium of zoological parks, Conservation International and the Primate Specialist Group and Captive Breeding Specialist Groups of the IUCN/SSC) provides expertise, personnel and funding for field research and conservation efforts, including salaries for Vietnamese counterparts. 2. The Second Party provides financial assistance in the effort to create a new protected area for remaining Tonkin snubnose monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) populations. 3. The Second Party provides expertise and funding to build and properly equip a primate rescue centre in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 4. The Second Party provides an experienced primate keeper and appropriate veterinary services for at least the first three years of the primate rescue centre's operation, with the possibility of continuing this agreement based upon recommendation from a joint international committee (see below). 5. The Second Party provides for the training of up to six (6) Vietnamese nationals in captive husbandry and conservation, and will assist in their employment for at least the first three years of the primate rescue centre's operation, with the possibility of continuing this arrangement. 6. The Second Party provides facilities at several zoological parks for maintaining and breeding a sufficient number of animals to ensure the long-term survival of the primate taxa in question. Should their numbers be increased through captive breeding to ensure long-term genetic viability, animals will be available for possible reintroduction in Vietnam. 7. The Second Party provides funding (up to three years) for an education campaign in selected areas of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to promote conservation of endangered primates and other wildlife. 8. The Second Party provides funding for a PHVA Workshop on Vietnam's most endangered primate species, to be held in the near future. Both Parties agree to establish a joint international committee to oversee activities carried out under this programme, and to follow the guidelines for field research, rescue and captive breeding efforts that are provided by this committee. First Party Mr Nguyen Mau Tai Directory of Forestry Protection Department Ministry of Forestry of Vietnam Hanoi Second Party Ms. Ardith Eudey Vice Chairwoman of IUCN SSC / Primate Specialist Group, California, USA Mr H.J. Adler, IUCN SSC / CBSG Vice Chairman of ZSCSP, Muenchen, Germany Mr Bruce Cambpell, IUCN, Royal Zoological Society of South Australia, Adelaide Cuc Phuong / Hanoi 25th March, 1993 - End of File

50. Primate Conservation In Vietnam this to such other threatened species as Tf.hatinhensis, P.nemaeus and R.avunculus.With these measures Vietnam can save the endangered primates by captive http://coombs.anu.edu.au/~vern/iebr.html

Primate Conservation in Vietnam Institute for Ecology and Biological Resources Director: Professor Cao Van Sung email: Location: Nghia Do Tu Liem - Ha Noi, Viet Nam Mailing address: Institute for Ecology and Biological Resources National Centre for Natural Sciences and Technology Nghia Do Tu Liem - Ha Noi, Viet Nam Fax: +84 (4) 83.61196 Status of primate fauna and conservation in Vietnam by Prof. Dr. Cao Van Sung Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources Hanoi, Vietnam Vietnam with a total land area of 331,041 sq.km. is situated in South-East Asia. Vietnam previously was almost entirely forested. This provides suitable conditions for a diversity and abundance of primate fauna. However, after a long period of war and uncontrolled forest exploitation, the forest cover has reduced to 40% of its original. Vietnam has a population of 69,3 millions and annual growth rate of 2,4%. The minority people who live mainly in mountainous zones close to forests exploit forest for basic needs in the form of fuel wood an lumber. Forest is continually subjected to logging, hunting, clearance for agriculture and settlement. These activities continue degrading forest, and in particular primate resources, which all depend on forest habitat.

51. Hawaii State Library - Hawaii & Pacific Section - Environment & Nature A nonprofit wildlife conservation organization dedicated to the protection, preservation,and propagation of threatened, endangered, and distressed primates. http://www.hawaii.gov/hidocs/hpenvi.html

General Links Endangered Plants Index Farmer's Bookshelf Hawaiian Alien Plant Studies - A forum to promote public awareness and exchange of information regarding problems associated with the spread of alien plant species (weeds). [Botany Department, UH Manoa] Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk Project - The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (HEAR) project provides technology, methods, and information to decision-makers, resource managers, and the general public to aid in the fight against harmful alien species in Hawaii. Hawaiian Native Plants - Information and illustrations of Hawaiian native plants. [Botany Department, UH Manoa] Hawaii's Endangered and Threatened Species - Information and images of rare and fragile species including their biologies, habits, and where they occur in the Islands. [The Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum] Hawaii's Natural Heritage Program - Database with the state's largest computerized inventory of endangered, threatened, and rare plants, animals, and ecosystems, extracted from all available sources. It includes detailed information on more than 1000 native species and ecosystem types in nearly 10,000 locations across the state. [The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii] Honolulu Zoo The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii - The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii protects more than 200,000 acres of Hawaii's natural areas that shelter native species, many of which are found nowhere else in the world.

52. BBC - Nature Environment Conservation Now - Animals On The Edge: Primates They are threatened by habitat loss and are hunted for food throughout much of theirrange. The top 10 most endangered primates are the Greater bamboo lemur http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/environment/conservationnow/ontheedge/primates/index

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH FRIDAY 11th April 2003 Text only BBC Homepage Nature Environment ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! A third of the world's primate species now face extinction. Scientists warn that our closest relatives, the great apes, could be extinct in 20 years' time. The commercial bushmeat trade, human population growth, the tropical hardwood industry, war, deforestation and habitat loss all threaten their survival. There are probably fewer than 100,000 gorillas in world. The most endangered are the eastern or mountain gorillas. There are around 670 left, a slight increase from 620 in 1989, thanks to conservation efforts. Two isolated mountain gorilla populations remain, one in the Bwindi National Park, south-west Uganda, and the other situated near the borders of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Rwanda and Uganda. Following the Rwandan civil war, a million refugees settled in camps on the edge of the Virunga National Park. Besides being a disaster for the people involved, this crisis put considerable pressure on natural resources and disrupted wildlife. Gorilla conservation programmes focus on rural development activities that promote the sound use of natural resources. Gorilla-based tourism, for example, provides a valuable source of revenue and is carefully monitored.

53. 2000 IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species Veterinary Parasitology; African Ape Study Sites; African primates at Home; APHISjournal; Animal Info Information on Rare, threatened and endangered Mammals http://www.primatesmx.com/2000iucn.htm

I NVESTIGACIONES CON PRIMATES SILVESTRES EN EL SURESTE DE MEXICO Alejandro Estrada Ph.D Estación de Biología "Los Tuxtlas", Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Directory of Graduate Programs in Primatology and Primate Research 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species AAALAC International AALAS ... AALAS resource for IACUC members and staff ABSnet, electronic newsletter of the Animal Behavior Society Abstracts from Veterinary Parasitology African Ape Study Sites African Primates at Home Alternatives to Animal Testing Amazon Books (out-of-print books) American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists American Committee on Laboratory Animal Diseases American Federation for Aging Research ... American Psychological Assn Science Directorate American Society of Primatologists American Veterinary Medical Association American Zoo and Aquarium Association Americans for Medical Progress ... Animal Care, APHIS journal Animal Info - Information on Rare, Threatened and Endangered Mammals:

54. Primates In Peril Hunting and the steady loss of forests have made primates the most imperiled group of mammals on the Category Society Issues Animal Experiments Vivisection primates...... Another 20 percent are approaching threatened status, Worldwatch Institute said whereforest loss has resulted in high concentrations of endangered primates. http://www.geocities.com/willc7/PrimatesInPeril.html

Primate Peril Humans Kill off Cousins From mountain gorillas in Rwanda to macaques of Japan, primates die as forests shrink. Humans number 5.7 billion, primates 400,000. Research once took 90,000 chimpanzees a year. Of all primates, champanzees most closely resemble humans (PNI) By Slobodan Lekic The Associated Press W A S H I N G T O N, Aug. 28 Almost half the 235 primates are threatened with extinction, including mankind's closest evolutionary relative the chimpanzee. Another 20 percent are approaching threatened status, Worldwatch Institute said in a report published Thursday. "In general, the reasons for the declines are no mystery: they all relate directly or indirectly to human actions," said the report titled "Death in the Family Tree." Fate of the Forests It spotlights a number of "hot spots" where forest loss has resulted in high concentrations of endangered primates. These include southeast Asia, equatorial Africa, Madagascar and southeastern Brazil. "The fate of these forests will largely determine the fate of most primates, and more and more of these forests are losing their ecological integrity as they are logged, colonized and cleared for agriculture," the article said.

55. Pl.net Life: The Red List 01/10/2000 as apes and monkeys showed the greatest increase in the number of threatened mammals,from The number of Critically endangered primates increased from 13 to 19 http://www.pl.net/5life/ussite.html

Altavista Excite Goto Infoseek Lycos Metacrawler Webcrawler Yahoo Dogpile Hotbot Red List of Threatened Species Reveals Global Extinction Crisis posted 1st October 2000 Switzerland, September 28, 2000 (ENS) PRIMATES' STATUS PRECARIOUS FRAGILE FRESH WATER SPECIES BIRDS AT RISK IMPERILLED PLANTS The IUCN Red List includes 5,611 species of threatened plants, many of which are trees. The total number of globally threatened plant species is still small in relation to the total number of plant species, but this is because most plant species have still not been assessed for their level of threat, IUCN says. The only major plant group to have been comprehensively assessed is the conifers, of which 140 species, 16 percent of the total, are threatened. Assessments undertaken by The Nature Conservancy, not yet incorporated in the Red List, indicate that one-third of the plant species in North America are threatened. THE NUMBERS www.redlist.org

56. Endangered Species On EE-Link: Species Highlights - Important Threatened Species bats, birds, marine mammals, primates, turtles and of the rarest and most endangeredspecies of threatened Species Accounts of selected threatened species that http://eelink.net/EndSpp/specieshighlights-importantthreatenedspecies.html

FAQ Main Page EE-Link News ... Old Site Main Sections Beginners Species Lists Species Highlights Laws and Policy ... Action Related Pages Species Highlights Bald Eagle Big Cat Projects Grizzly Bear Pubs ... Seals and Otters Page Name: Species Highlights - Important Threatened Species Species Highlights - Important Threatened Species Links: Please suggest a link to be added to the list below! Mammal species with published estimates of worldwide population about 1000 animals* or less. Open in new window Arabian Oryx Conservation in Saudi Arabia This website intends to detail the Arabian oryx project in Saudi Arabia, but also to describe major conservation achievements and on-going reintroduction projects, and to provide a database concerning the ecology of this flagship endangered species. Open in new window Awesome Library The Awesome Library organizes many carefully reviewed K-12 education resources for teachers, students, parents, and librarians. It includes a search engine, lists, lesson plans, news and papers from all over the world. Open in new window Delmarva Peninsula Fox Squirrel Information on the status of the Endangered Delmarva Peninsula Fox Squirrel in Delaware.

57. Most Endangered Great Ape Threatened 1973 WORKING TO PROTECT GIBBONS AND ALL LIVING primates. Urgent Action Alert Immediate Action Needed! Most endangered Great Ape threatened November 2002. http://www.ippl.org/01-03-19c.html

International Primate Protection League SINCE 1973: WORKING TO PROTECT GIBBONS AND ALL LIVING PRIMATES Urgent Action Alert - Immediate Action Needed! Most Endangered Great Ape Threatened November 2002 Some of Sumatra's most critically endangered species, including the Sumatran orangutan, elephant, tiger, and rhinoceros are facing a serious and desperate new threat to their survival due to a government plan to build several major new roads that will drastically fragment a crucial part of their current range. Orangutan mother and baby Road will split ecosystem Viable alternatives to the plan remain, but the local government of the province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) is likely to continue with its intention to construct these roads and further destroy and fragment large, and in some cases critical, parts of the habitat of these species. Furthermore, they will irreparably damage the livelihoods of the local human communities. The proposed roads will divide up what is known as the Leuser Ecosystem, a unique conservation area that is the only place in the world where the above species can still be found living side by side. Sumatran orangutan - great ape closest to extinction It is also the only area where the Sumatran orangutan still occurs in anything even approaching viable numbers. This species is well-recognized as the great ape that is likely to become extinct in the wild first, probably within the next 5 to 10 years, if not sooner.

58. Animal Facts: Primates Most primates (especially anthropoids) share characteristics such as grasping hands capabilities,most primate species are threatened or endangered due to http://www.fonz.org/animals/af-primates.htm

Animal Facts Primates The 183 species of primate range from two-ounce mouse lemurs to 350-pound gorillas (pictured left); from solitary orang utans to group-living macaques; from sap-eating marmosets to fruit-eating gibbons. The primate order includes species of tarsiers, lemurs, and lorises, which make up the "pre-monkeys" or prosimians, and species of monkeys and apes, which are called anthropoids. Humans are also anthropoids. Most primates (especially anthropoids) share characteristics such as grasping hands and feet, increased reliance on vision, increased brain size, considerable longevity, complex social behaviors, single or twin births, and extended parental care. Despite their adaptive capabilities, most primate species are threatened or endangered due to habitat destruction. (Photo by Jessie Cohen/NZP) About 600 gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) live in zoos, and the number is slowly increasing. Unwilling to take any more of the world's largest primatesendangered and protectedfrom the wilds of Africa, zoos are working together to breed gorillas. For instance, because gorilla pairs raised together usually do not breed, zoos (including the National Zoo) have exchanged gorillas, forming new social groups in which reproduction is more likely to occur. Several baby gorillas have been born at the National Zoo since 1990.

59. Other Services Research Center Duke University Primate Center North Carolina Ethogramsinventoriesof primate behavioral patterns endangered and threatened primates HUMBIOL http://public.srce.hr/botanic/cisb/Edoc/fauna/sisavci/sisdrugi.htm

Other services Mammalia African Small Mammal Newsletter Assessment of body condition and dietary history in wild mammals OU research project Bishop Museum Vertebrate Zoology Collection types database CAUZ Members with an Interest in Mammals list arranged by taxonomic interest groupings Census of Australian Vertebrate Species (CAVS) mammal list Class Mammalia UMMZ Animal Diversity Web Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals, Bonn species list Cornell mammalogy page Danish Zoological Museum Mammal Section Endangered Mammal Research at JCU James Cook University of North Queensland Endangered species found on units of National Wildlife Refuge System US Fish Wildl Service Facts on File Book Catalogue browse mammals section via Inforonics Server Faunmap Illinois State Museum database on late Quaternery distribution of mammals in US FAUNMAP-L Faunmap discussion list Florida Museum of Natural History Mammalogy Department Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska, incl Large Animal Research Station Ivory identification scheme US National Fish and Wildlife Forensics Laboratory Journey North global study of wildlife migration - incl mammals KUNHM Division of Mammals Kansas University Natural History Museum Mammal exhibits at UC Museum of Paleontology Berkeley Mammal Society UK Mammal Species of the World MAMMAL-L discussion group digest Mammalogists on e-mail American Society of Mammalogists Mammals of Southwestern North Dakota Mammals of Washington Slater Museum of Natural History

60. Endangered Species specific animals or plants (ie, parrots, cetaceans, primates), and are controlsover trade in certain species of endangered and threatened wildlife and http://www.seaworld.org/infobooks/Endangered/esII.html

International Zoological Conservation Organizations and Computer Systems A. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)/World Conservation Union. 1. Organization profile. The IUCN/World Conservation Union is the only worldwide conservation organization. Established in 1948 and based in Gland, Switzerland, it links together government agencies, non-government agencies, and independent states to encourage a worldwide approach to conservation. In 1993, its membership included 655 organizations, representing 103 countries. The IUCN/World Conservation Union endorses captive breeding in addition to habitat protection to maintain viable populations in the wild. Its mission is "to provide leadership and promote a common approach for the world conservation movement in order to safeguard the integrity and diversity of the natural world, and to ensure that human use of natural resources is appropriate, sustainable, and equitable." 2. How does the IUCN/World Conservation Union categorize animals? The term threatened is used to describe animals protected by the IUCN/World Conservation Union. The IUCN/World Conservation Union divides threatened animals into five categories:

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

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