41. Opium Wars Back to Fact Monster, this page was printed from Factmonster.com www.factmonster.com/ce6/history/A0836734.html.encyclopediaEncyclopedia opium wars. http://print.factmonster.com/ce6/history/A0836734.html

document.write('Print Now!'); this page was printed from Factmonster.com www.factmonster.com/ce6/history/A0836734.html Encyclopedia Opium Wars Opium Wars, Arrow, in Guangzhou. British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party. China agreed to open 11 more ports, permit foreign legations in Beijing, sanction Christian missionary activity, and legalize the import of opium. China's subsequent attempt to block the entry of diplomats into Beijing as well as Britain's determination to enforce the new treaty terms led to a renewal of the war in 1859. This time the British and French occupied Beijing and burned the imperial summer palace (Yuan ming yuan). The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, concluded the hostilities. See A. Waley, The Opium War through Chinese Eyes (1958, repr. 1968); H.-P. Chang, Commissioner Lin and the Opium War (1964); P. W. Fay

42. Zeal.com - United Kingdom - New - Library - Arts & Humanities - History - Milita A great resource for United Kingdom New - Library - Arts Humanities- history - Military history - opium wars. Find the web's http://www.zeal.com/category/preview.jhtml?cid=671422

43. Chinese History Library: Qing - Rob Gray Short history of the opium War A history of opium in China, the opium wars, andGeneral Information on Opiates Map Showing Western Encroachments into China http://museums.cnd.org/fairbank/qing.html

- Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) - General Qing Dynasty History An Outline History of the Qing Dynasty (from Hong Kong) An Outline History of the Qing Dynasty (from University of Maryland) List of Qing Dynasty Emperors Conversion Table for Late Qing Calendar (1860-1892) ... General Historical Information on All Provinces in China (many files contain substantial historical information from the Qing era) The Opium War Short History of the Opium War A History of Opium in China, the Opium Wars, and General Information on Opiates Map Showing Western Encroachments into China During Qing Dynasty Philately During the Qing Dynasty Commemorative Stamp Collection of Famous Chinese Historical Figures Stamps of the Qing Dynasty Miscellaneous Qing History Excerpt from Hsieh Ch'ing-kao's "Hai Lu" (a Qing Dynasty Man's European Travelogue) History of the Silk Route (includes information on Qing era) Histories of Shanghai and Beijing (includes information on Qing era) Photographs of Qing Porcelain Ware ... Photographs of Qing Antique Snuff Bottles People's Republic of China Republican Era Home Please send contributions and comments to Robert Gray : robgray@umich.edu

44. TIME Europe Magazine: Tempest In A Tea Cup -- Jun. 17, 2002 The opium wars marked a turning point in history, says campaign organizerSteve Lau, who runs the Web site www.britishbornchinese.co.uk. http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/article/0,13005,901020617-260669,00.htm

NEED A HERO? Vote Now The final 20 revealed ROAD TO WAR The Fight Europe's conflict over Iraq All TIME Europe Past 30 Days Current Issue Advanced Search Jun. 17, 2002/Vol. 159 No. 24 Tempest in a Tea Cup The English tea trade flooded China with opium. Does the British Library get the story right? By PAT REGNIER/LONDON The history of modern drug addiction might be said to start, innocuously enough, with a cup of tea. London diarist Samuel Pepys recorded his first taste of "tee (a China Drink)" in 1660; by the early 1700s, as cheap sugar to sweeten the brew poured in from the West Indies, the entire nation was on its way to becoming hooked. Some Englishmen were soon knocking back 50 cups a day. The English East India Company, which held the monopoly on all Eastern imports, saw its tea sales grow from 97,000 kg in 1713 to 14.5 million in 1813, making tea its cash cow. The government, too, came to rely on Britain's new thirst. At one point, a third of the members of Parliament owned shares in the East India Company, and taxes on its tea produced up to 10% of the Treasury's revenues. Clearly, it would be worth doing almost anything to keep such a business growing. "Trading Places: The East India Company and Asia,"

45. Chinese History 1 opium wars, largely instigated Canton (today's Guangzhou) was, from the mid17thcentury through the opium wars in the 19th, China's only international port. http://www.texancultures.utsa.edu/txtext/chinese/chinesehistory1.htm

CONDITIONS IN CHINA, 19 th CENTURY, EMIGRATION MOTIVES Nineteenth century China—a fabric of social revolutions, halting industrialization, and questionable "Westernization"—was troubled. China was a huge area, populous and not modernized in a Western-World sense. Famine was common in the countryside, corruption frequent in government. Military force and occasional diplomacy by the British and French and diplomacy and occasional military force by the United States and Russia caused much unrest in the complex of lands and governments the Europeans called "China." In parts of the country, Chinese economy was stagnant, and, by Western standards, governments were untrustworthy and the society "backward" and "primitive." Many upper-class Chinese, naturally, did not agree with such evaluation of their civilization and wanted to remain independent of outside influence and control. The main goal of the Western World was to "open" China to profitable trade—profitable for Europe and the United States. "Opium Wars," largely instigated by the British, soon forced Indian opium into China as a step in trade relations involving, among many things, deals in silk and porcelain, silver and tea. Upper-class and ruling Chinese considered Europeans, and most North Americans, "drug lords" and, simply put, "barbarians." But, for the most part, the Chinese could not oppose Western weapons. The Chinese lost control of major ports and tariff protection, foreigners were largely exempt from local law, and Christianity was forced on the country in the form of a guarantee of missionary entry and safety. Many economically and socially lower-class Chinese were delighted by the simple promises of Christian beliefs (which they combined with their native religions) and the changing economic times (for some, tomorrow could only be better).

46. ZUJI Hong Kong history, The British took control of Hong Kong in 1841 followingthe opium wars. European trade with China had been taking http://www.zuji.com.au/dest/guide/0,1277,ZUJIAU|2771|1415|1,00.html

About ZUJI Travel Resource Links Travel Resources Home Research a Destination Convert Currency Check Weather Check Visa Requirements Buy Travel Insurance Flight Arrival/Departure Info Book a Flight Find a Hotel Hire a Car Log-in Log-out Become a Member Site Map Travel Resources Home Destination Guides Travel Tools Local Guide Introduction Fast Facts Best Time to Visit Orientation ... Maps More Destinations Select from list Beijing China Shanghai Useful Travel Tools Check Weather Convert Currency Check Visa Requirements Flight Arrival/Departure Information ... China : Hong Kong Hong Kong History The British took control of Hong Kong in 1841 following the Opium Wars. European trade with China had been taking place since the 16th century, but as European demand for tea and silk grew, the balance of trade became more and more unfavourable to Europeans, who were expected to pay in silver. In 1773, the British unloaded 70,000 kg of Bengal opium, and the Chinese taste for the 'foreign mud' grew exponentially. Alarmed at the drain of silver from the country and the increasing number of addicts, the emperor banned the drug trade. The Europeans, with the help of corrupt Chinese officials, managed to keep the trade in opium going until 1839, when the emperor again issued orders to stamp it out. The British sent an expeditionary force to China to exact reprisals, secure favourable trade arrangements and obtain use of some islands as a British base. The force blockaded Canton (now called Guangzhou) and a number of other ports, ultimately threatening Beijing. The British pressured the Chinese into ceding Hong Kong Island to them in perpetuity. Both sides ultimately repudiated the agreement, but Commodore Gordon Bremmer led a contingent of naval men ashore on 26 January 1841 and claimed the island for Britain. A series of conflicts followed, with the British backed by French, Russian and American interests. A combined British and French force invaded China in 1859, forcing the Chinese to agree to the Convention of Peking, which ceded the Kowloon Peninsula and nearby Stonecutters Island to the British. In 1898, the British also gained a 99-year lease on the New Territories, which they felt essential to protect their interests on Hong Kong Island.

47. A Brief History Of Drugs Reviews A fascinating and informative history of humankind's checkered and often andthe ergotbased mystery cult of Eleusis, through the opium wars in China http://www.innertraditions.com/titles/brhidr.htm

A Brief History of Drugs: From the Stone Age to the Stoned Age by Antonio Escohotado ISBN 0-89281-826-3 Park Street Press 176 pages, 5 3/8 x 8 1/4 Paper, $12.95 (CAN $20.95) About the Book About the Author Table of Contents Reviews Excerpt Ordering Return to Inner Traditions' homepage About the Book A clear-eyed look at the instrumental role drugs have played in our cultural, social, and spiritual development. * First American publication of the surprising European bestseller. * Examines everything from the ancient use of ergot and datura to the modern phenomenon of "designer" drugs such as Ecstasy and crack cocaine. From remotest antiquity to the present era of designer drugs and interdiction, drugs have played a prominent role in the cultural, spiritual, and social development of civilizations. Antonio Escohotado demonstrates how the history of drugs illuminates the history of humanity as he explores the long relationship between mankind and mind-altering substances. Hemp, for example, has been used in India since time immemorial to stimulate mental agility and sexual prowess. Aristotle's disciple Theophrastus testifies to the use of datura by the ancient Greeks and further evidence links the rites at Eleusis to the ingestion of a hallucinogen. Similar examples can be found in cultures as diverse as the Celts, the ancient Egyptians, the Aztecs, and other indigenous peoples around the world. Professor Escohotado also looks at the present-day differences that exist between the more drug-tolerant societies like Holland and Switzerland and countries advocating complete repression of these substances. The author provides a comprehensive analysis of the enormous social costs of the drug war that is coming under increasing fire from all levels of society. Professor Escohotado's work demonstrates that drugs have always existed and been used by societies throughout the world and the contribution they have made to humanity's development has been enormous. The choice we face today is to teach people how to use them correctly or to continue to indiscriminately demonize them. "Just say no," the author says, is not an option. Just say "know" is.

48. Drug_history_outline For details on the history of drug laws and restrictions in the US, go to historyof drug laws and restrictions. For details on the opium wars, go to opium http://mrs.umn.edu/~ratliffj/Drug_history_outline.htm

Drugs History What follows is a brief outline of major events (and some not-so-major, but interesting events) in the history of drugs. See the text for more detail on particular drugs. For details on the history of drug laws and restrictions in the U.S. , go to: History of drug laws and restrictions For details on the Opium Wars, go to: Opium Wars. 6400 B.C. ALCOHOL Beer and berry wines used. 3000 B.C. OPIUM Used as medicinal and pleasure. 2700 B.C. MARIJUANA Used for rope, cloth, and paper. 300-400 B.C. OPIUM Alexander the Great introduces opium to India. 500 A.D. COCAINE First record of cocaine use. 600-700 A.D. OPIUM Introduced to China by Arab traders. MARIJ Banned for medicinal uses in China. 800 A.D. ALC Distillation said to have been developed in Arabia. 900 A.D. CAFFEINE Coffee is described in an Arabian medical book. 1000 A.D. COCAINE by this time, coca extensively cultivated in Peru. MARIJ Social use of cannabis spread to Moslem world. TOBACCO Oct. 12, 1492, Columbus receives tobacco leaves. ALC distillation common in America. TOBAC used as medicine for everything.

49. Chinese History, Map And Chronology opium wars digitalchina/harvard opium war. history Good reference siteat UCSD. Zheng He Cheng Ho The great Chinese mariner who sailed the seas http://www.chinapage.com/history1.html

Chinese History Chinese history, timelines, maps, and Chronology of dynasties and emperors Classical History Books Collection[BIG5] Chronologies Chronology of Chinese dynasties [GIF] Chronology of Dynasties and Reign of Emperors [pdf] [GB] Another Chronology Timeline and Maps Detailed Time line by Seki Wei [BIG5] Most complete chronology timeline! Bamboo Strips Bamboo Books Long before the invention of paper, bamboo strips were used as the material for recording texts. This greatly speeded up the carving process compared to stone carving. Opium Wars digitalchina/harvard opium war History Good reference site at UCSD Zheng He [Cheng Ho] The great Chinese mariner who sailed the seas Brief History [GB] Click on each dynasty to read a brief description. Chinese History Hakka - Chinese Culture Page by Dr. S. L. Lee Portraits of Emperors [Home Page] of China the Beautiful

50. Essays And Essays Writing Essays On China & Chinese Issues - 019-007 other historians who claim that by revelling in ancient Chinese history, historianslack a The opium wars send me this essay A 6 page paper discussing the http://www.essaypage.com/categories/019-007.html

We have thousands of essays in this area! Below is a list in order of relevance to your search query. All of the following documents are ready for delivery TODAY and priced at only $ /page with a free bibliography! Use the Send Me This Essay link to access our fast, easy order form and receive any essay on this list TODAY!!!... Page 8 of 50 Ancient Chinese Warfare / Book Review send me this essay 5 page review of Shalin Hai-Jew's 'Romance of the Three Kingdoms'a book that traces ancient Chinese warfare and diplomacy through various early dynasties (originally compiled by Luo Guan Zhong during the Ming Dynasty). No bibliography. Filename: Chinnok2.wps Chang's 'The Rape of Nanking' / The Chinese Holocaust send me this essay A 5 page paper on Iris Chang's non-fiction book The Rape of Nanking. In this work Chang describes the systematic murder of the population of this Chinese city by the Japanese in 1937, and posits some reasons for the Japanese soldier's unthinkable brutality. Bibliography lists 4 sources. Filename: Nanking.wps

51. Essays And Essays Writing Essays On European History - 095-044 Papers On European history Page 45 of 123. Arthur Waley/opium wars Through ChineseEyes send me this essay A 5 page essay that gives an overview of Arthur http://www.essaypage.com/categories/095-044.html

We have thousands of essays in this area! Below is a list in order of relevance to your search query. All of the following documents are ready for delivery TODAY and priced at only $ /page with a free bibliography! Use the Send Me This Essay link to access our fast, easy order form and receive any essay on this list TODAY!!!... Papers On European History Page 45 of 129 Ancient Ruins of Slievemore in Achill Island, County Mayo, Ireland send me this essay A 10 page paper which examines the deserted village of Slievemore, who lived there, what kind of people, their way of life, the time period in which it existed and what happened to the settlement. Bibliography lists 7 sources. Filename: TGslieve.rtf Anti-Semitic Policies in Nazi Germany, Nazi Austria and Nazi Poland send me this essay This 5 page paper looks at the way in which the Third Reich Nazi policies were similar and different in these three countries. Each country is considered in the way the policies were implemented and the effects that they had on the country. The bibliography cites 6 sources. Filename: TEnaziap.wps

52. Hall Of Opium: Virtual Exhibition in commercial production and trade of opium; the causes that led to the opium wars,which the Chinese define as the start of their modern history; and the http://www.doitung.org/opium/eng/exhibit/exhibit/content.html

The Hall of Opium is not just a museum, it's not even just an exhibition. It's a multimedia experience that will stimulate all your senses as you immerse yourself in its captivating realm. Enter our Virtual Exhibition of the Hall of Opium to get a sample glimpse. Click here to explore. The Exhibition begins with a walk through a 130 meter entrance tunnel , to help create an atmosphere of the contradictory moods associated with opium and narcotics: Mystery, Danger, Fear, Sleep and Dreams, Ease of Pain, Suppressed Suffering. A triangular exit leads you, the visitor, into a bright airy Lobby. Across a small valley you see a Scenic View of a small poppy field similar to those planted by some hill tribes in the region. Opium poppies are grown year-round in an enclosed Greenhouse. Enter a small auditorium , where a brief multimedia presentation introduces the exhibition and identifies the key facilities. You next enter a domed room where you learn about the First 5000 Years of the history of opium: from its origin along the mediterranean and first evidence in Switzerland; first written references in Sumerian medical texts; medical and ritual use in Europe and the Americas through the 18th Century; and its spread to South and East Asia by 800 A.D.

53. Global Studies 10 - Imperialism In China And Japan - Hurd - Jan. 2000 GlobaLearn Investigations The opium wars and the Unequal Treaties http//www.globalearn.org/expeditions/tae/expedition/investigate/history/ihi970529guangzhou http://www.uetigers.stier.org/library/gs10imperialism.html

Union-Endicott High School Library Global Studies 10 - Imperialism in China and Japan (Hurd) China Qing or Ch'ing Dynasty 1681-1792 The Treaty of Nanking - 1842 The Opium Wars and the Unequal Treaties 1839-1842 The Taiping Rebellion - 1851-1864 ... The Boxer Rebellion - 1900 Japan The Meiji Restoration - 1868-1912 The Tokugawa Shogunate This page has been designed to support high school student research. Just a word of caution it is unwise to rely solely on Web resources for research information. While it is true that there are many excellent authoritative web sites, there are also many web sites that present FALSE and MISLEADING information. Do not forget to consult print sources such as books, magazine, and newspaper articles. Vast resources exist in print form that cannot be matched by sources on the Web. At least not yet. Remember to CITE YOUR SOURCES! You will need the title of the web page, the web page address, and the date you used it. China - Qing or Ch'ing Dynasty 1681-1792 Ch'ing China http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CHING/CONTENTS.HTM The Treaty of Nanking - 1842 Treaty of Nanking, 1842

54. Opium: History history. began smuggling opium into China in order to balance their purchases oftea for export to Britain, an act that set the stage for the opium wars. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0860145.html

Encyclopedia opium History The medicinal properties of opium have been known from the earliest times, and it was used as a narcotic in Sumerian and European cultures at least as early as 4000 B.C. The drug was introduced into India by the Muslims and its use spread to China. Early in the 19th cent., against Chinese prohibitions, British merchants began smuggling opium into China in order to balance their purchases of tea for export to Britain, an act that set the stage for the Opium Wars . Chinese emigrants to the United States, who were employed to build the transcontinental railroad, brought the opium-smoking habit to the West Coast. During the 19th cent. opium was grown in the United States as well as imported. Besides indiscriminate medical use, opiates were available in the United States in myriad tonics and patent medicines, and smoking in opium dens was unhindered, resulting in an epidemic of opiate addiction by the late 1800s. The generous use of morphine in treating wounded soldiers during the Civil War also produced many addicts.

55. Youth Ministry International - China History controlled the vast, primarily agricultural, territory, giving China its rich history. Duringthat time, the opium wars were fought, and China lost several http://www.gospelcom.net/ymi/chinahis.html

H ISTORY When one thinks of China, several things come to mind. Things such as Chinese food, dragons, Confucius, gunpowder, emperors and Communism, all of which have had a part in malting China the nation it is today. According to oral tradition, China's history begins in the 21st century BC (approx.), when its first dynasty, the Xia, came to power. Up until the beginning of this century, several emperors and warlords, such as Emperor Qin, Kublai Khan and the Empress Dowager, have controlled the vast, primarily agricultural, territory, giving China its rich history. The emperors and dynastic system slowly began to lose power in the 18th and 19th centuries, as several western powers began cutting the country up for trade purposes. During that time, the Opium Wars were fought, and China lost several territories to the west, including Hong Kong, to Great Britain (which was returned I July, 1997), and Macau, to Portugal (Macau will be returned in 1999). In 191 1, Chaing Kai-Shek, with the aid of the west, overthrew the emperor rule and established a democratic nation. However, the nation was again tom apart by civil war and the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in the 1940s. During that time, Mao Zedong, emerged, firstly as an ally, and then as an enemy of the democratic government, and, in 1949, his People's Liberation Army helped defeat the Japanese, gain control of the country and establish a communist rule. In spite of the popularity of the People's Republic with many of the people, the policies of Mao and his successors have nearly brought the nation to ruin several times. The Great Leap Forward ended in famine and poverty. The Cultural Revolution, from 1966 to 1976, saw to the near destruction of China's educated class and the creation of the "lost generation", which ended up poorly educated and morally warped. Finally, was the crushing of the student-led democratic movement in 1989 during the Tiananmen Square Massacre.

56. History Department - Douglas College ideas of other students and the instructor in class (discussing history). SubjectHIST 250 examines the development of modern China from the opium wars of the http://www.douglas.bc.ca/history/html/hist250.html

All courses are worth 3 credits and last for one semester. All 200 level courses require one 100 level History course. This page is posted for informational purpose and does not constitute a contract between the College and the student. For official information about this course , check the Douglas College on-line calendar History 250 Modern China: An Introduction Instructor : Frank Leonard Pre-requisite : HIST 250 has a pre-requisite of one 100-level History course. Besides the 100- level courses listed in the current calendar , any History course listed in previous Douglas College calendars (or its equivalent from another college or university) can be used as the pre-requisite. If your pre-requisite was completed at another institution, please submit transcript copy of completion to instructor to avoid computer delisting your name at end of registration period. Transferability : HIST 250 has transfer credit for SFU, UBC, U Vic, UNBC, and Open University.

57. Opium Wars To understand British actions in the opium wars, it is necessary tostep back, and to place them in the context of modern history. http://east_west_dialogue.tripod.com/dialogue/id9.html

Opium Wars Home Huntington and Hobbes Ancient China's Technology Confucianism and Christianity Opium Wars Leibnizian Natural Law Leibniz on China American System China's Development ... Archives The addiction of tens of millions of Chinese to Opium was one of the biggest disasters ever to hit China. Although this story is well known in Asia, few Americans are familiar with it. East West Dialogue THE CHINESE OPIUM WARS: The Queen of England Pushes Dope ``In view of the inordinate lengths to which the corruption of morals have advanced, I almost think it necessary that Chinese missionaries should be sent us to teach the aim and practice of natural theology.'' Gottfried Leibniz At midnight on July 1, 1997, Hongkong, the British Crown Colony, will be restored to China. This is not only an event which will be celebrated by patriotic Chinese; any patriotic American should celebrate it as well. The British seizure of Hongkong was an aspect of one of the most ugly crimes of the British Empire: the takeover and destruction of India, and the use of India to flood China with opium. The British twice sent the Royal Navy to enforce opium addiction on China, in order to open up China for looting. In spite of this crime, the British and their allies in the United States, are trying to use the return of Hongkong to create a scandal around alleged ``human rights violations'' by the Chinese, as a pretext to disrupt relations between China and the United States. This is especially dangerous because the battle to create a new economic system, to replace the collapsing one, is centered around U.S. cooperation with China. The issue at stake is not that of ``communism versus free trade.'' The war is between the British System and the American System.

58. CC11: Opium Wars: The Movie Chinese movie ever made is a recently released twoand-a-half hour blockbuster drugdrama about The opium wars , a true and important part of world history. http://www.cannabisculture.com/backissues/cc11/opium.html

Opium Wars: The Movie The Dragon in the Film Can The most expensive Chinese movie ever made is a recently released two-and-a-half hour blockbuster drug drama about "The Opium Wars", a true and important part of world history. With a budget of $20 million US and a cast of thousands, Chinese film director Xie Jin pulls no punches telling the long awaited Chinese side of this first volley of violence that started the global "War on Drugs" a century and a half ago. This Chinese government production clearly implicates the white-ghost foreigners as the bad guys who used opium as a crowbar to knock the Chinese people senseless as a prelude to snatching Hong-Kong. Director Jin's cinematic portrayal of this thoroughly rotten aspect of east/west relations still shows deep scars in the hearts of a billion Chinese, and it is curious that "The Opium Wars" was released just prior to the ceremonies that restored Hong Kong to China earlier this year. It is easily the hit film of the year in China. Dope... danger... subtitles? How could it miss? Yet it did miss general distribution in both Europe and America. No doubt the theme of shame is unfathomable to the cult of victims and cinema fornica devotees in the western media savanna. As a rule, Chinese "social message movies" do not find wide acceptance outside the workers' paradise cinema, unless they are quaint peasant struggle dramas or kickboxing flicks

59. Erowid Opiates Vault opium Poppy Cultivation, Morphine and Heroin Manufacture (down June 2001) Heroin opium Manufacture history A Short history of opium wars Historical Review http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/opiates/opiates.shtml

Make a contribution to Erowid and help keep objective information publicly available. wispy smoke twisting rising rising rising, still. a taste like flowers, like your hair rolling tongues soften softer than anything of such sweetness i could only have dreamed but the dream is real, it happened it is happening it will happen again, it is real. Justin Sane OPIUM and OPIATES Opium The dried milky juice of unripe seedpods of the opium poppy ( Papavera somniferum ). The chief constituents of opium are the alkaloids codeine, papaverine, noscapine, and morphine, from which heroin is synthesized. Morphine The most effective painkiller known is morphine (C H NO H O), isolated from the juice obtained from unripe seed pods of the opium poppy. Apparently morphine changes the perception of pain even when the pain itself is not much diminished. For this reason, the drug is valuable in medicinal practices. Unfortunately, it is addictive, and the body builds up a tolerance to it, so larger and larger doses may be necessary to provide the same relief from pain. The drug also depresses the function of the brain center that controls respiration; large doses of morphine (or of heroin, a very similar molecule) can kill by causing respiratory arrest. Codeine An alkaloid drug (C H NO ) derived from opium. A narcotic with effects like those of morphine, codeine is prescribed as an analgesic, cough suppressant and hypnotic.

60. NYALPS's History Of China A history of Chinese Civilization. New York Cambridge University Press,1982. Grolier's1997 ed. “opium wars.” Online Encyclopedia. http://members.aol.com/NYALPS/China.html

The Opium War, Boxer Rebellion, and Cultural Revolution Were Major Events in China’s History and Had Many Causes and Effects. To view this page in frames, click here The Opium War, Boxer Rebellion, and Cultural Revolution were major events in China’s history and had many causes and effects. These events have changed China’s history forever. Whether the event brought physical change to China, where land was ceded or money was given over, or if the event was political, where laws or opinions were altered, the event has had much influence over the current Chinese culture, and will for many years to come. From these events we can see how China was shaped physically, and politically. The Boxer Rebellion. During the 1900's a set of riots occurred in China called the Boxer Rebellion (or Uprising, or the Boxer Riots). There were many causes for this rebellion. The rebellion was started by two movements. One group was a secret religious sect, and the other was a group of governemnt officials who wanted to expell the foreignors. “The Sect of the White Lotus” was a popular cult associated with magic and superstition. Many other sects branched out from “The Sect of the White Lotus”, including the I-ho ch’üan, which meant, “The Boxers of Honesty and Concord”. This sect become called, the Boxers. Though sects like these had been outlawed, they continued to exist. The reasons they existed were the usual ones: mismanagement by the government, intolerable living conditions among the peasants, aggravated by natural disasters. Since these sects were religious ones, they disliked people of other religions, such as Christians. Also, they blamed foreign missionaries for many of their problems.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 3     41-60 of 92    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20