21. Native Americans And The Environment: Plateau the lands of Hanford, including the nez perce, the Umatilla, Yakima and Wanapum.This site describes the working relationships between native americans and the http://www.cnie.org/NAE/plateau.html

Plateau A Success Story: The Umatilla River Fisheries Restoration Program (Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation, 1996). A Visit with the River People of Hanford Reach "The 60-member Wanapum Tribe has never lost its spiritual connection to Washington's Columbia River, and is now hoping to reclaim the only free-flowing stretch left—the Hanford Reach." (Carlotta Collette, High Country News 29(23), December 8, 1997). Aboriginal Right To Fish Columbia Basin Salmon Policy Adopted by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation, March 8, 1995). Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission CRITFC is the technical support and coordinating agency for the fishery management of the Warm Springs, Yakama, Umatilla and Nez Perce Tribes (the four Columbia River treaty tribes). Concepts in Land Use: A Historical Perspective on S'olh Temexw Fall Chinook Spawned at Three Mile Facility (Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation, 1996). Hanford Department of Energy, Indian Nations Program

22. Native Americans And The Environment: Land And Treaty Rights After 120 Years, the nez perce Return to the Land of Chief Joseph A land trust helpsthe nez perce recover alienated (Scott R. Ladd, native americans and the http://www.cnie.org/NAE/land.html

Land and Treaty Rights A Line in the Sand This is an excellent site, with several sections on land and related issues. Anti-Indian Movement in the Wise Use Movement (Rudolph C. Ryser, Center for World Indigenous Studies. Archive: Fourth World Documentation Project, 1993). Anti-Indian Movement on the Tribal Frontier (Rudolph C. Rsyer, Center for World Indigenous Studies. Archive: Fourth World Documentation Project, 1992). British Columbia Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs The current treaty negotiations occupy a large portion of this site. Competing Sovereignties in North American and the Right-Wing and Anti-Indian Movement (Center for World Indigenous Studies, Archive: Fourth World Documentation Project, 1988). Comprehensive Claims (Modern Treaties) in Canada A backgrounder on comprehensive treaties, the framework for all treaties and agreements since 1975. (Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Ottawa: Government of Canada, 1996). Forest Industry Reaction to Nisga'a Treaty (Agreement-in-Principle) (Terrace Standard On-line, 1996). Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group Formed in 1991 for the purpose of negotiating a treaty with the federal and provincial governments, the Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group consists only of those Hul'qumi'num speaking people from the Chemainus and Cowichan valleys. The six member communities are the Chemainus First Nation, Cowichan Tribes, Halalt First Nation, Lake Cowichan First Nation, Lyackson First Nation and Penelakut Tribe. (1999).

23. Native Americans - Internet Resources. Sayings of Chief Joseph nez perce Also Chief Joseph Biography, from PBS The AvalonProject Treaties Between the United States and native americans Women in http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/native.htm

Native Americans - Internet Resources Welcome to the Internet School Library Media Center Native American page. You will find bibliographies, directories to pages of individual tribes, history and historical documents, periodicals and general links. The ISLMC is a preview site for teachers, librarians, students and parents. You can search this site, use an index or sitemap . The following sites have useful information on Native Americans. This page revised 1/22/00. NOTE: The Internet is being overwhelmed by viruses and spam. Please protect your computer with appropriate software. Also, many worthwhile sites have "pop-ups" which may change to include content unknown to me. Use preview sites before using with children. Bibliographies Directories Author Pages History ... Periodicals See Also: Virginia's Indians The Cherokees Native American Authors Bibliographies Selected Bibliography on Native American Writers and Their Writings A Wallace library guide Native Americans. Bibliography. Juvenile Books Native Americans. Bibliography. Young Adult Books Fiction; biography; poetry; drama by and about Native Americans. A Critical Bibliography on North American Indians, for K-12

24. USGenExchange - Native American Battles European americans vs. native americans. BIG HOLE BATTLE AUGUST 9, 1877 Alsocalled nez perce War. US Army vs. Five Non Treaty bands of nez perce. http://www.genexchange.org/native.cfm

Search the Web. Type it and go! GenExchange USGenExchange GESR Newsletter Mailing Lists ... Stamps.com USGenExchange US Battles Fought by Native Americans Submitted by Suzanne Horner State Coordinator of the MTGenExchange APACHE PASS: FEBRUARY 1861 US Army hangs six apache warriors, three Chiricahua band, three Coyoteros. APACHE WARS: 1881-1900 Took place in Arizona. BAD AXE: 1832 Part of the Black Hawk War, in Wisconsin. Sauk Indians led by Black Hawk vs. Illinois Militia led by General Henry Atkinson. BATTLE OF HORSESHOE BEND: MARCH 27, 1814 Took place in Alabama. European Americans vs. Native Americans BIG HOLE BATTLE: AUGUST 9, 1877 Also called Nez Perce War. US Army vs. Five Non Treaty bands of Nez Perce. Came from Idaho and Oregon to Montana to fight here then escaped to Bear Paw Battle Field. The final battle of Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce, in Chinook, MT. BLACK HAWK WAR: 1832 BLACK HAWK WAR: 1832 BROWNSTOWN CREEK: 1812 Took place in Michigan. CANYON DE CHELLY: January 1, 1864 Took place in Arizona. Kit Carson and Militia vs. Navajo’s.

25. MudLake.Com - Native American History Page American Resources on the Internet A great collection of native american information,resources, and community news for native americans nez perce Trail Follow http://www.mudlake.com/Shoshone.htm

SELECTION LIST Quick Links Listing MudLake.Com Home Site Index A-D Site Index E-H Site Index I-L Site Index M-P Site Index Q-T Site Index U-Z Mud Lake Area Local Outdoors Mud Lake Events Local Travel Info Agriculture Education Entertainment Government History Information Resources Online News Sources People and Interests Sports Technology Travel MudLake.Com? Free Stuff FAQS Cool Places Services Privacy Questions? Send Poster as an electronic postcard at FREE STUFF View Guestbook Add to Guestbook Suggest a Link! MudLake.Com's Native American History Page Native American history is a rich and varied history. Each tribe has its own history, with its own version of how the tribe and the world came about. In the west, most tribes lived near the mountains for summer hunting trips, and in valleys or on plains during the winter to avoid the deep snows and bitter cold in the mountains. Most of the history of native americans that the ordinary person knows about is from the movies, and literature. The rich culture that these tribes had is not as well known as the stereotypical native from movies. Buffalo Bill Cody became a friend to many native americans, mostly from the plains tribe, which has caused most people to think of the palins tribes as your typical native. Here are some related Web Links that might be useful to History buffs: CAMPING FISHING HIKING HUNTING ... YELLOWSTONE Here are some Native Tribes Web Links: Black Kettle Chief of the Cheyenne that was killed in the Sand Creek Massacre Chief Joseph From PBS's series on the west

26. Native Americans ponycover.jpg Shoshoni Pony Lewis Clark Among the nez perce $15.95 by Carol peoplethat explains the importance of the horse to native americans and how the http://www.caxtonpress.com/store/native_americans.html

Native Americans 15% DISCOUNT ON ALL ON-LINE BOOK PURCHASES Rotting Face: Smallpox and the American Indian ISBN 0-87004-419-2 R.G. Robertson R.G. Robertson tells the story of the smallpox epidemic of 1837-1838 that forever changed the political and social structure of the Northern Plains Indian tribes. Before it ran out of human fuel, "Rotting Face," as it was called by natives, claimed an estimated 20,000 people. The epidemic did more damage in one year than all the military expeditions sent against the American Indian before or since. 6x9, hardcover, 350 pages, photographs, maps, bibliography, index. [Add to Cart] [View Cart] Our Native American Legacy; Northwest Towns with Indian Names ISBN 0-87004-401-x Sandy Nestor  Many Pacific Northwest cities and towns bear names linked to the American Indians who inhabited the region thousands of years before the arrival of European explorers and settlers. Sandy Nestor spent years gathering information about towns in Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Alaska with Indian names. She offers a brief history of each community, profiles of the founders and an explanation of the origins of the town name. 9x6, paperback, 312 pages, maps, 50 photographs. [Add to Cart] [View Cart] Chief Joseph Country: Land of the Nez Perce ISBN 0-87004-275-0 Bill Gulick  From the meeting of the Lewis and Clark party in 1805 to the death of Chief Joseph in 1904, the story of the Nez Perce Indians is epic drama. No setting could be more spectacular than the rugged, beautiful homeland of this tribe. The drama intensified as the Nez Perce offered friendship to the white newcomers. Their friendship ended in the tragically bitter Nez Perce War. 9x12, 231 illustrations, 27 maps, 316 pages, bibliography, index, hardcover, boxed.

27. Teacher Resources - Feature - Elections The American Way: Voters making among native americans differed from this system (and sometimes differed greatlyfrom group to group). Here, Verne Ray describes the nez perce's form of http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/election/voters7.html

Introduction African Americans Women Native Americans Voters Today Native Americans and the Vote It's often overlooked that self-government in America was practiced by Native Americans, long before the formation of the United States government. Today, voting is our primary means of group decision making, of enacting legislation, and choosing leaders. Traditional decision making among native Americans differed from this system (and sometimes differed greatly from group to group). Here, Verne Ray describes the Nez Perce's form of government and illustrates how it changed between times of war and peace: Tribal organization was present among the Nez Perce since a tribal council whose decisions were binding upon all members of the group was coupled with an elective war chief with wide powers. Yet even here each village had its individual peace time chief with authority limited to his own village and during peace there was little relationship among villages. The tribal council was a gathering of select members of the tribe who convened to make decisions and elect chiefs. In addition to the political duties of these gatherings, tribal councils also had a certain ceremonial significance:

28. Native Americans Of The Pacific Northwest Dreamers On the Trail of the nez perce by Martin Stadius October 1999 individualnations' involvement in exploration, the role of native americans in the http://www.gonorthwest.com/Visitor/webs/Native-Americans.htm

HOME British Columbia Idaho Oregon ... Washington Northwest Web Sites American Indians You are here: Go Northwest! Home/... Web Sites/... American Indians See also Go Northwest! tips for purchasing air tickets online.. Northwest Links Accommodations Attractions Activities Visitor Information Travel Planning Border Crossings Currency Driving Tours Free Brochures ... Weather A bout the Northwest Attractions Maps National Parks Trails ... A Provocative Description of the Pacific Northwest The Nez Perce Nez Perce National Historical Park The 38 sites of the park are located in Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington, and preserve the history of the Nez Perce people and their relationship to North American history (A National Park Service's webpage.) Nez Perce National Historic Trail In the summer of 1877, bands of the Nez Perce Tribe (Nee-Me-Poo) defended themselves in a protracted military campaign with the United States government. The campaign lasted four months, beginning in Oregon and Idaho, and culminating with the surrender of many Nez Perce at the Bear's Paw Battlefield in Northern Montana. The route the Nez Perce followed from Oregon to Montana was designated as the Nez Perce National Historic Trail (Public Law 99-445) by the U.S. Congress on October 6, 1986. Sacred Journey of the Nez Perce Web site for Sacred Journey of the Nez Perce, a one-hour documentary co-produced by Idaho Public Television and Montana Public Television about the trek and battles with the United States Government.

29. Ceremony Honors Nez Perce Chief Joseph Featured On New U.S. Treasury Inflation-I I Bond denominations are the following great americans Helen Keller civil rightsleader;; Chief Joseph ($200) nez perce Chief native American leader;; http://www.publicdebt.treas.gov/com/comi200.htm

Click for text links Ceremony Honors Nez Perce Chief Joseph Featured On New U.S. Treasury Inflation-Indexed I Bond FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE April 23, 1999 The U.S. Treasury's Bureau of the Public Debt today unveiled the new Chief Joseph $200 denomination series I inflation-indexed savings bond at a ceremony in Lewiston, Idaho. The new $200 I Bond will go on sale May 1, 1999. The bond features a portrait of Chief Joseph and a background vignette of him mounted on an Appaloosa horse, known for being bred by the Nez Perce. Participating in today's event are Van Zeck, Commissioner of the Public Debt from Washington, D.C., Governor Dirk Kempthorne of Idaho, and Samuel Penney, Chairman of the Nez Perce Tribal Executive Committee. Chief Joseph is one of eight distinguished Americans featured on the new I Bond. Though he consistently opposed war, when conflict became inevitable, Chief Joseph and other leaders led the Nez Perce on a courageous retreat in 1877 for more than a thousand miles through Montana and Idaho. After a five-day battle during freezing weather conditions with no food or blankets, only 30 miles from safety at the Canadian border, he surrendered out of concern for the women and children. In his final years, Chief Joseph spoke eloquently of the injustice of United States policy toward his people and held out hope that one day freedom and equality would come for Native Americans. "Chief Joseph's strong leadership and his belief in what was right for Native Americans represents an important part of this country's history and diverse strength," said Commissioner Zeck. "We are proud to be able to honor the country's past and at the same time help Americans save for their future."

30. Native American Links nez perce History. Top Bottom. Shawnee. Top Bottom. Pueblo. New Mexico'sPueblos; Pueblo Links; History of the Pueblo of Santa Ana; Pueblo native americans; http://www.phillipsbrooks.org/students/3rd/tribes.html

Native American Web Resources 3rd Grade, Phillips Brooks School Eskimo-Inuit Nez-Perce Shawnee Chippewa ... Email Us! Arctic Peoples Eskimo/Inuit Indigenous People Native Peoples a Comparison Ecole Kiluutaq School 's Homepage Inuit ... Bottom Plateau Tribes Nez Perce Nez Perce/Nee-me-poo Home Page WALLOWA CO. NEZ PERCE INTERPRETIVE CENTER Nez Perce-Volume 8 People in THE WEST - Chief Joseph ... Bottom Shawnee Native American, the Shawnee The Shawnee Indians Shawnee's Reservation Loyal Shawnee History ... Bottom Great Plains Tribes Chippewa Woodland Indians Bad River Chippewa Tribe Lac Courte Oreilles Chippewa Tribe Lac du Flambeau Chippewa Tribe ... Bottom Sioux A Guide to the Great Sioux Nation Lakota Sioux-Volume 3 Lakota (Sioux) Crazy Horse: Legend in Life, Giant in Death ... Bottom Blackfoot Blackfeet Nation Blackfoot Confederacy blackfoot Native Peoples a Comparison ... Bottom Crow Crow The Crow Tribe crow Crow Visions ... Bottom Southwest Tribes Hopi Hopi-Volume 12 Hopi Society The Hopi of the Southwest Hopi: The Corn People ... Bottom Pueblo New Mexico's Pueblos Pueblo Links History of the Pueblo of Santa Ana Pueblo Native Americans ... Bottom Apache The Apache-Volume 1 Apache Indians White Mountain Apache of Arizona Top ... Bottom Navajo NAVAJO NATION HOME PAGE NAVAJO INDIANS The Navaho-Volume 1 Scenic Pictures on the Navajo Nation ... Bottom Zuni

31. Native Americans native americans. alg.html. TOP. Links for Shoshone, nez perce, Inuit.Inuits (Inupiaq) http//nnlm.gov/pnr/ethnomed/inupiaq.html. Inuit http://www.geneseo.edu/~gcs/high/media/nativeamericans.html

Native Americans Iroquois and Algonquins Shoshone, Nez Perce, Inuit Apache, Pueblo, and Comanche Shawnee, Cherokee and Natchez Links for Prehistoric Migrations Ancient Architects of the Mississippi http://www.cr.nps.gov/aad/feature/feature.htm Ancestral Pueblos (Anasazi) http://www.co.blm.gov/ahc/anasazi.htm The Mound Builders http://www.cast.uark.edu/~shelley/html/parkin/genmoundpg.html Mounds and Mound Builders http://www.wvculture.org/history/mounds.html Life Along the River (Mound Builders) http://www.cr.nps.gov/aad/feature/riverlif.htm Hohokams http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/online.bks/hohokam/Titlhoho.htm Hohokams and Rock Art http://azarted.org/pages/rockart.html TOP Links for Iroquois and Algonquins" Iroquois http://www.tolatsga.org/iro.html Algonquin Tribe and Nation http://www.algonquin.tv/ Algonquin http://www.dickshovel.com/alg.html TOP Links for Shoshone, Nez Perce, Inuit Inuits (Inupiaq) http://nnlm.gov/pnr/ethnomed/inupiaq.html Inuit/Eskimo http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/ANTHRO/rwpark/ArcticArchStuff/Inuit.html The People Inuit Culture http://www.arctictravel.com/chapters/incultpage.html

32. Native Americans Of Oregon People site has several biographies of famous native americans of the past and present.Chief Joseph. biography from PBS. Flight of the nez perce Through The http://www.chenowith.k12.or.us/tech/subject/social/natam_nw.html

Native Americans of Oregon Several Tribes are included in the Collections of E.S. Curtis , Photographer A History of the Formation of Oregon Native Identity; 1800-Present by David Lewis Federally Recognized Tribes of the Pacific Northwest Native Languages of Oregon from U of O Oregon Native American Home Models by Ms. Wilks' 4th Grade Class PLATEAU LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER INLAND VALLEYS ... HIGH DESERT PLATEAU Umatilla The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Official tribal site includes history and culture pages. Also has information about and for the Oregon tribe today. Includes Cayuse and Walla Walla from the Curtis Collection Sahaptin Speakers from the U of O Linguistics site Cayuse Cayuse Indians - HIstory from the Whitman Mission National Historic Site Cayuse from the U of O Linguistics site Nez Perce Nez Perce Listings Wyam Molalla Molalla from the U of O Linguistics site LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER Cascades Chinook Chinook - Information about the Chinook from the Columbia-Pacific Community Information Center from the Curtis Collection Chinook Speakers Multnomah Wasco The Wasco are members of the Warm Springs Confederated Tribes which also includes Warm springs and Northern Paiute.

33. OREGON’S NATIVE AMERICANS Cayuse. SAHAPTIN; Umatilla; Warm Springs (Walla Walla); nez perce. native Americansof North America Social Studies Links Subject Guide. Chenowith District Home. http://www.chenowith.k12.or.us/tech/subject/social/natam_or.html

Native Americans of Oregon Click on any language group on the map to get a corresponding group on the map key. Shoshone Links to Other "Native Americans of Oregon" sites Oregon Native American Home Models by Ms. Wilks' 4th Grade Class MAP KEY Click on any group on the map key for more information TILLAMOOK Nehalem Tillmook Nestucca ... Bibliography Created March, 2000 Last Update 3/5/00 Lynn Ewing

34. Resources Chief Joseph, nez perce; nez perce History; nez perce Tribe; nez perceVolume8; PBS Online - Lewis and Clark native americans; nez perce Literature; National http://www.dist126.k12.il.us/powwow/resources.htm

A Gathering of Cultures Native American Flags "The Flags of the Native Peoples of the United States" Native American Culture Native Tech The WildWest Native American Culture Native American Foods Recipes Native American Tribes Algonquin Algonkin (Algonquin) Algonquin on Encyclopedia.com 2002 Algonquin Tribe and Nation The Algonquin Indians Apache Apache Creation Story Images The Apache-Volume 1 Cochise ... Apache Women Arapaho The Arapaho-Volume 6 The Plains Indians The Wyoming Companion - Native Americans Images ... top Blackfoot Blackfoot Indian Tribe Blackfoot Society Blackfoot Blackfoot History Cherokee Cherokee Images Tribal Art by Ken Masters Cherokee History of the Cherokee Tsalagi (Cherokee) Literature ... The Cherokee Trail of Tears - 1838-1839 Cheyenne The Cheyenne-Volume 6 The Plains Indians Dull Knife Images ... top Chippewa 'Chippewa' entry from Hodge's handbook of Indians Great Serpent and the Great Flood Ojibwe History Chippewa Literature Comanche Comanche-Part One Comanche-Volume 19 The Comanche Indians, Texas Indians

35. Grantee Service Offices For Native Americans - Idaho Grantee Service Offices for native americans Idaho Plummer, Idaho 83851 Telephone(208) 6866602 FAX (208) 686-6501 native Employment Works nez perce Tribe. http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/region10/trib/service/triblistid.html

Questions? Privacy Site Index Contact Us ... Search Grantee Service Offices for Native Americans Idaho Coeur d 'Alene Tribe of Idaho Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Coeur d 'Alene Tribe of Idaho PO Box 408 (160 11th Street) Plummer, Idaho 83851 Telephone: (208) 686-6602 FAX: (208) 686-6501 Native Employment Works (NEW) Coeur d'Alene Tribe of Idaho Department of Education PO Box 238 Desmet, Idaho 83824 Telephone: (208) 686-5310 FAX: (208) 274-2924 Child Care Coeur d'Alene Tribes P.O. Box 408 Plummer, ID 83851-0408 Telephone: 1-800-829-2202 or (208) 686-1800 FAX: (208) 686-5804 Nez Perce Tribe Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Nez Perce Tribe PO Box 365 Lapwai, Idaho 83540 Telephone: (208) 843-2463 FAX: (208) 843-7137 Native Employment Works (NEW) Nez Perce Tribe PO Box 365 Lapwai, Idaho 83540 Telephone: (208) 843-7363 FAX: (208) 843-7365 Child Care Nez Perce Tribe P.O. Box 305 Lapwai, ID 83540-0365 Telephone: (208) 843-7330 x2103, or cell (208) 7 91-3508

36. Homework Center - Native American Sites Cherokee native americans in North Imupiaq Inupiaq Inupiat Alaska nativeCultural Profile nez perce The Flight of the nez perce http//www.bitterroot http://www.multcolib.org/homework/natamhc.html

School Corps Library Catalog Library Databases Ask Us! Online ... Tareas Escolares Native American Sites: Native American Megasites Individual Tribes Northwest Tribes Native American Megasites American Indians and the Natural World http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmnh/exhibits/north-south-east-west/ This site from the Carnegie Museum of Natural History illustrates how native people are connected to the natural universe. The museum selects a few specific tribes to illustrate this. Compact History: A Geographic Overview http://www.dickshovel.com/up.html History, location, names, language, sub-tribes, culture and population and more on many tribes throughout the United States. More Northeast tribes are covered at this site. Stones Unturned http://www.civilization.ca/aborig/stones/engfrm.htm This site from the Canadian Museum of Civilization presents Native American clothes, toys, and musical instruments and also highlights seven native tribes of Canada. First Nations Histories http://www.tolatsga.org/Compacts.html This site includes basic information on the history, culture, language etc, of 48 Native American tribes.

37. Bibliography: Native Americans In The Inland Northwest Pritzker, Barry M. native americans An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Peoples. includingthe Coeur d'Alenes, Colville, Spokanes, and the nez perce. AU. http://www.narhist.ewu.edu/Native_Americans/bibliography.html

Bibliography: Native Americans in the Inland Northwest Reference Works Champagne, Duane. Chronology of Native North American History From Pre-Columbian Times to the Present . Detroit: Gale Research Inc, 1994. Green, Rayna. The British Museum Encyclopedia of Native North America . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. Halliday, Jan and Gail Chehak. Native Peoples of the Northwest: A Traveler's Guide to Land, Art, and Culture . Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 1996. This travel book describes current conditions of reservations in the Northwest. Each reservation is featured with names, descriptions, and directions to their museums, memorials, parks, refuges, institutes, restaurants, and scenic or historical sights. It also describes cultural activities the reservation has to offer including pageants, celebrations, or shows. Significant to the Inland Northwest is the Columbia River gorge including the Colville, Yakima, and Spokane reservations. AU Hoxie, Frederick E. Encyclopedia of North American Indians . Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996.

38. Nez Perce Home History native americans native Tribes nez perce. SEARCHRESULTS 1 12 of 16 1800s nez perce Photography Historical http://cybersleuth-kids.com/sleuth/History/Native_Americans/Native_Tribes/Nez_Pe

39. Jane Gay Photo Exhibit of the nez perce at a crucial period in their history the implementation of generalallotment, a policy now understood as devastating to native americans. http://www.uidaho.edu/Jane_Gay/content.html

With the Nez Perce During Allotment: E. Jane Gay, Her Majesty's Cook and Photographer Jane Gay, novice photographer, left a remarkable legacy of the months she and Alice C. Fletcher, Special Agent of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, spent in Idaho on the Nez Perce Reservation. In addition to taking more than 400 photographs, Gay wrote twenty-seven lengthy letters that tell of their experiences among the Nez Perce during the process of allotting the Tribe. The letters vividly describe the extremes of their experiences with both people and the Idaho landscape and climate. What Jane Gay observed among the Nez Perce was often in contrast to the stereotypical images of nineteenth-century whites. Her letters and photographs provide a unique view of the Nez Perce at a crucial period in their history the implementation of general allotment, a policy now understood as devastating to Native Americans. Jane Gay, born in Nashua, New Hampshire in 1830, was well educated, taught school, and worked as a clerk for the Post Office. In 1883, she retired and traveled in Europe. Gay lived as an economically independent woman most of her life. After a chance reacquaintance in 1888 with anthropologist Alice Fletcher, a nationally prominent Indian rights' reformer, Jane Gay traveled to Idaho as companion, cook, and housekeeper for Fletcher, who had been appointed to allot the Nez Perce Tribe. Allotment was supposedly the solution to the "Indian question," the hotly debated nineteenth-century issue among whites of what to do about Native Americans' lands and rights. Many believed its solution had been found in the General Allotment Act of 1887, often called the Dawes bill after its sponsor, Senator Henry Dawes. The bill was the product of much debate and effort by humanitarian "Indian reformers" who by the 1880s sought to bring Native Americans into the mainstream of American life instead of segregating them on tribally held reservations.

40. Pathfinder Template Northwest native americans. TITLE, AUTHOR, CALL . Longhouse Legends, Matson, Emerson,398 MA. Indians of Oregon, Gille, Frank, 979.5 GIL. Chief Joseph nez perce Indian http://www.msd.k12.or.us/schools/memorial/staff/lowry/path_NW_native_am.htm

Pathfinder for Northwest Native Americans Grade 4 This pathfinder will help you find information about your Native American Tribe on the Internet, in the Memorial Library, and using Online Resources. You may search as many places as necessary to gather information for your research. Memorial Library Resources Online Resources Internet ... Sites Keywords Native Americans Oregon Indians Indians Northwest Native Americans Memorial Library Resources Books Books about Northwest Native Americans TITLE AUTHOR CALL # Longhouse Legends Matson, Emerson 398 MA Indians of Oregon Gille, Frank 979.5 GIL Chief Joseph: Nez Perce Indian Leader Rothaus, James 921 Joseph Nez Perce Osinski, Alice 970.1 OS American Indians Fletcher, Sydney 970.1 FL Among the Plains Indians Engel, Lorenz 970.1 EN Indians of the Northwest Press, Petra 970.1 PR Indians of Western Oregon Beckham, Stephen

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