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         Luhya Indigenous Peoples Africa:     more detail

1. VADA - Volkeren Stammen Peoples Tribes I - L (Noord Amerika - North America). IN
1. The physical geography of africa is dominated by the continents plateau character, variable rainfall, soils of low fertility and persistent environmental problems such as desertification. dividing unified african peoples, throwing hostile societies of africa. Britain emphasized indirect rule. indigenous power structures
http://www.vada.nl/volkenil.htm

2. Fourth World Bulletin, Spring/Summer 1996
africa. Majimboism as indigenous Ideology while they view the Kikuyu, luhya and Luo as "black colonialists " divide Kenya's diverse indigenous peoples and provides the fuel that
http://carbon.cudenver.edu/fwc/Issue10/Africa/maasai-3.html
A FRICA
Majimboism as Indigenous Ideology
When the Kenyan government provided backing for the Maasai delegation to the UN Working Group, it apparently did so in the name of indigenous rights,6 even though the current government is at least partly responsible for the conditions the Maasai endure in the Kajiado and Narok districts of Rift Valley Province. That apparent contradiction becomes easier to understand if the question that emerges is not specifically about the threat to Maasai cultural survival, but also includes the role the Maasai play in broader human rights issues. Daniel arap Moi, Kenya's current president, was responsible for ending the group ranching system; so why would he also have sent the MDA to Geneva and Vienna? When Jomo Kenyatta was president, from 1963 to 1978, Kenya was for all intents and purposes a Kikuyu-dominated one-party state, despite whatever intentions were expressed at the outset that there should be multi-party democracy and power-sharing among constituent peoples. Kenyatta's political party, the Kenya African National Union (KANU), was an organization of primarily Kikuyus and Luos. The Kikuyus had been favored by the British, due to their usefulness in the colonial enterprise, but they were also the main participants of the "Mau Mau" uprising that was instrumental in achieving liberation from British rule. The British permitted some of the Kikuyus to buy land in the Rift Valley, and Kikuyus thought that therefore they were the rightful owners of that land.

3. Wfn.org | ALL AFRICA NEWS AGENCY BULLETIN February 10, 2003 (C)
directly related to survival of indigenous peoples cultures, that Israel Church combinesboth the Luo and luhya. Some of the the indigenous churches maintain
http://www.wfn.org/2003/02/msg00123.html
From the Worldwide Faith News archives www.wfn.org
ALL AFRICA NEWS AGENCY BULLETIN February 10, 2003 (C)
From wfn@igc.org
Date Mon, 10 Feb 2003 17:58:55 -0800
Browse month
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4. 100gogo Expedition Of Africa, Africa's Super Predators & Mammals Safari
In the Kenya highlands are the Kikuyu, luhya, and others. The other indigenous groupsare all Bantuspeaking peoples, originally from the area of Cameroon
http://www.100gogo.com/africa/
Africa - The Birthplace of Modern Humans You either love it or hate it . . . Africa Map Click here to see large map
Introduction
Features of Africa
Africa is the second-largest continent , after Asia, covering 30,330,000 sq km; about 22% of the total land area of the Earth. It measures about 8,000 km from north to south and about 7,360 km from east to west. The highest point on the continent is Mt. Kilimanjaro - Uhuru Point - (5,963 m/19,340 ft) in Tanzania. The lowest is Lake 'Asal (153 m/502 ft below sea level) in Djibouti. The Forests cover about one-fifth of the total land area of the continent.
The Woodlands, bush lands, grasslands and thickets occupy about two-fifth.
And the Deserts and their extended margins have the remaining two-fifths of African land. World's longest river : The River Nile drains north-eastern Africa, and, at 6,650 km (4,132 mi), is the longest river in the world. It is formed from the Blue Nile, which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, and the White Nile, which originates at Lake Victoria. World's second largest lake : Lake Victoria is the largest lake in Africa and the is the world's second-largest freshwater lake - covering an area of 69,490 sq km (26,830 sq mi) and lies 1,130 m (3,720 ft) above sea level. Its greatest known depth is 82 m (270 ft).

5. Untitled Mexico Indigenous Peoples Guatemala Indigenous Peoples Honduras Indigen
East african Community. africa. East Indian Communities in the Caribbean Eastern Cape. africa. Ebira. africa. Ebola. africa. Ebony. United States
http://weber.ucsd.edu/~proeder/elf.xls
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6. Www.idpproject.org Kenya Section Causes And Background Of
By 1993, Human Rights Watch/africa estimated that 1,500 Luo and, to a lesser extent,luhya, at both opposition plots to eliminate the indigenous peoples of the
http://www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/7FEC147EDB860BEA

www.idpproject.org
Kenya
Section : Causes and Background of Displacement Sub-section : Main causes for displacement Kenya menu List of sources Maps Ethnic clashes related to the 1992 election displaced more than 300,000 in the Rift valley
  • The majority of the displaced came from the ethnic groups associated with the political opposition (e.g. Luo, Luhya, and Kikuyu)
  • Competing land claims were used to inflame violence among certain ethnic groups
  • People displaced as armed "Kalenjin warriors" attacked Luo, Luhya, and Kikuyu farms
  • Most attacks carried out by organised groups
      As the campaign for multiparty democracy gained strength [during 1991] and then developed into a full election campaign, violence broke out between different ethnic groups, particularly in the Rift Valley, Western and Nyanza provinces, the heart of the 'white highlands' during colonial times. The 'tribal clashes,' as they became known, first broke out in October 1991 on the border of the three provinces, and rapidly spread to neighboring districts. By December 1991, when parliament repealed the section of the constitution making Kenya a one-party state, large areas of western Kenya had been affected as tens of thousands were displaced from their land.
      Kalenjin and Maasai politicians opportunistically revived the idea of majimboism, ethnic regionalism, championed by KADU at independence. KANU politicians close to Moi revived the calls for majimboism as a way of countering the demand for multipartyism in Kenya. Under the cover of a call for regional autonomy, prominent politicians demanded the forcible expulsion of all ethnic groups from the Rift Valley, except for those pastoral groups-Kalenjins, Maasai, Turkana and Samburu-that were on the land before colonialism. A number of majimbo rallies were held calling for 'outsiders' in the Rift Valley to return to their 'motherland,' or for 'true' Rift Valley residents to defend themselves from opposition plots to eliminate the indigenous peoples of the valley. While many Kenyans have no quarrel with the concept of regionalism

7. Fourth World Bulletin, Spring/Summer 1996
Maasai are pastoral seminomads indigenous to the Other pastoral peoples, includingthe Turkana, Samburu, and influx of Kikuyu, Luo and luhya immigrants into
http://carbon.cudenver.edu/fwc/Issue10/Africa/maasai-2.html
A FRICA
MDA Testimony at the UN Working Group
At the 1993 meeting of the UNWGIP and also at the 1993 Vienna World Conference on Human Rights, the MDA articulated the major problems that currently threaten Maasai culture and identity. The delegation presented testimony describing the ecological degradation of Maasailand, the lack of adequate educational facilities, Maasai displacement at the hands of competing peoples, and the misappropriation of funds earmarked for indigenous development projects. Foremost among the MDA's concerns is the desire to recover lands in Kenya's Rift Valley Province, which were lost through dispossession over the past century. Because Maasai culture is inextricably bound to the land, their concern is understandable; dispossession of territory threatens to obliterate their culture. In addition to its fear of increasing landlessness, the MDA explains that the Maasai have also been unable to achieve compensation for lands already taken from them. In particular, a great part of Maasailand was set aside for game reserves and national parks to expand Kenya's tourist economy, but to date, the Maasai have not benefitted from that development. Instead, they now face losing more land, as non-indigenous people attempt to buy it (or otherwise take it) from them. And while encroachment disrupts the cultural integrity of the Maasai, unsound farming methods used by non-indigenous peoples further upset the delicate ecological balance of the Rift Valley. The MDA claims that the unrestrained use of the herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers has polluted water sources in grazing areas.

8. Profile Of The Mukogodo People Of Kenya
settlers we know of following the indigenous San (Bushmen). There are great hollowswhere the luhya say these they are monotheist, as are most peoples of africa
http://endor.hsutx.edu/~obiwan/profiles/mukogodo.html
SLRK Profiles Menu Strategy Leader Resource Kit Home People Profile
The Mukogodo of Kenya Religion
: Traditional Monotheism
Population : A few hundred
Status Location : The Mukogodo live in the Mukogodo Forest of west central Kenya. They were originally an Eastern Cushite group, predating the Nilotes and Bantu in this area. There are no remaining speakers of the original language, called Yaaku. History : The Mukogodo represent a second wave of Cushite immigration into the Rift Valley area of East Africa. The earlier Southern Cushites were the first settlers we know of following the indigenous San (Bushmen). The San were here first before the time of Christ. Then came the Southern Cushites in the first millennium AD, then Eastern Cushites, followed by the Highland Nilotes (Kalenjin Cluster), then the early Bantu. Later came intermingled waves of Plains Nilotes (Maasai-Teso-Karamojong-Turkana), later Bantu (Logoli-Kuria-Ganda, etc.) and River-Lake Nilotes (Luo and related Uganda peoples still stretching up into the Waa River marshes in Sudan). Identity : Various old Cushite groups in the Rift Valley of Kenya and Tanzania have become affiliated with various Nilotic tribes as clients, mostly as a self-defense for their own preservation under the various waves of Nilotic migration into their ancestral area.

9. Africa Point: Kenya Travel Information
People 21% Kikuyu, 14% luhya, 13% Luo, 11% Akamba, 11% Kalenjin, 6% Gusii, 5%Meru. Languages English, Swahili, indigenous. peoples and History. peoples.
http://www.africapoint.com/travel/kenyamore.htm
Africa Point: Kenya Travel Information Visas, Health, Tourist Attractions, Economy, Maps, Peoples, History and other Useful Travel Info. Also Bookings for Safaris, Tours, Vacations, Hotels and Rental Cars in Kenya. Hotels Cars Tours, Safaris and Vacations Kenya Newspapers ... Kenya Map Kenya: Travel Basics Destination Facts Activities Reading ... l Nature and Attractions Nature On Africa's east Coast, Kenya straddles the equator and shares a border with Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. Its coast is lapped by the Indian Ocean and it shares the vast waters of Lake Victoria with its western neighbours. The Rift Valley and central highlands area form the backbone of the country, and this is where Kenya's scenery is at its most spectacular. The humid coastal belt includes the Tana River estuary and a string of good beaches. Western Kenya takes in the fertile fringes of Lake Victoria and some prime game parks. The vast, arid north-eastern region is where Kenya is at its wildest and most untouched by the modern world. Kenya's flora and fauna defies easy description. The vast plains of the south are dotted with flat-topped acacia trees, thorn bushes and the distinctive bottle-shaped baobab tree. On the rarified slopes of Mt Elgon and Mt Kenya, bamboo forests sprout and even higher up is the bizarre groundsel tree, with its huge cabbage-like flowers, and giant lobelias with long spikes. If you're more into fur and feathers, then head for the teeming game parks. Lions, buffalos, elephants, leopards and rhinos all cavort openly in at least two of the major parks. Endangered animals such as the black rhino are slowly making a comeback and sanctuaries for these creatures can be visited in Tsavo and Lake Nakuru national parks.

10. Background Notes Archive - Africa
groups AfricanKikuyu 21 percent, luhya 14 percent Religions indigenous beliefs24 percent, Protestant 40 franca for trade between the different peoples.
http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/kenya9607.html
Return to Africa Background Notes Archive
Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage
Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

11. Background Notes Archive - Africa
Ethnic groups AfricanKikuyu 21%, luhya 14%, Luo 13 Asian, European, Arab 1%.Religions indigenous beliefs 10 AD, Nilotic and Bantu peoples moved into the
http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/kenya9803.html
Return to Africa Background Notes Archive
Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage
Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

12. Untitled Document
a process in which African peoples were creators of identities of Dyula, Yoruba, Hausa,luhya, Fang, Ugandan is still hostage to an indigenous ruling oligarchy
http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v1/1/4.htm
Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism. Mahmood Mamdani. (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996) xi+353pp.
Reviewed By Michael Chege
Director, Center for African Studies
University of Florida, Gainesville

13. Kenya Map Flag Description Three Equal Horizontal Bands Of
Major peoples Kikuyu 22%, luhya 14%, Luo 13 Principal Languages English, Kiswahili,numerous indigenous languages. The Nilotic peoples began to enter from the
http://www.gateway-africa.com/countries/kenya.html
Kenya Map:
Flag description:
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Geographic coordinates: 1 00 N, 38 00 E Climate: varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior Independence: 12 December 1963 (from UK) Nationality: Kenyan(s) Capital City: Nairobi Population: Head of State: President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978) Area: 582,650 sq km Type of Government: republic Currency: 1 Kenyan shilling (KSh) = 100 cents Major peoples: Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1% Religion: Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, Muslim 7%, other 1% Official Language: English, Kiswahili Principal Languages: English, Kiswahili, numerous indigenous languages Major Exports: tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleum products

14. Chapter Eight
Coastal East africa witnessed the arrival of Islam and but other peoples includethe luhya, Luo, Kalenjin The Belgims used the indigenous peoples as a laber
http://www.accd.edu/sac/earthsci/sgirhard/summer/chap8.htm
CHAPTER 8
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
1. The physical geography of Africa is dominated by the continents plateau character, variable rainfall, soils of low fertility and persistent environmental problems such as desertification.
2. The majority of Africa’s people remain dependent on farming for their livelihood. Urbanization is accelerating, but most countries population remain below 40 percent urban.
3. It’s inhabitants continue to face a high incidence of disease, including malaria, sleeping sickness and river blindness, AIDS and eboli are relatively new and virulent diseases.
4. Most of Africa’s political boundaries were drawn during the colonial period without regard for the human and physical geography of the areas they divided.
5. Considerable economic development has occurred in many scattered areas of Africa but much of the realm’s population continues to have little access to the goods and services of the world economy.
6. The realm is rich in raw materials vital to industry and industrialized countries.
7. Patterns of raw-material exploitation and export routes set up during the colonial period still prevail Interregional connections are still poor.

15. Kenya
Other peoples from Arabia and North africa also settled in per cent), Luo (15 percent), luhya (14 per per cent of the people follow indigenous belief systems
http://sepdata.virtualave.net/kenya1.html
Kenya
The People Population
Language
English is an official language and is widely used for business and government purposes. Kiswahili (also called Swahili) is the other official language, and its use is promoted to encourage national unity. It was chosen as an official language because of its wide use within the country, and—because it shares linguistic roots with other Bantu languages spoken in Kenya—it is accessible to a major portion of the population. Most Kenyans speak the language or dialect of their ethnic group as well as Kiswahili and—except in remote areas—some English.
Religion
The majority of Kenyans are Christian. About 40 per cent belong to various Protestant churches, and 30 per cent are Roman Catholic. Approximately 6 per cent are Muslim. Most Muslims live along the coast and in the northeast. About 10 per cent of the people follow indigenous belief systems or non-traditional Christian beliefs. Traditional values emphasize coexistence with animals, and drought is commonly seen as a consequence of the unnecessary killing of animals. Several million hectares of land have been established as national wildlife reserves, hunting has been banned since 1977, and Kenya has been at the forefront of the fight against the illegal elephant ivory trade.

16. Foundation For Endangered Languages. Newsletter 15
Yet organizations defending indigenous peoples' rights cite cases from Ethiopia, Benin,South africa, Mali, Niger of Kenya Kiswahili, Kikuyu, luhya and Dholuo.
http://www.ogmios.org/155.htm
Foundation for Endangered Languages Home Manifesto Membership details Proceedings ... Bibliography
5. Allied Societies and Activities The Asmara Declaration on African Languages and Literatures (Jan. 2000) At this historic conference, we writers and scholars from all regions of Africa gathered in Asmara, Eritrea declare that: 1 African languages must take on the duty, the responsibility and the challenge of speaking for the continent. 2 The vitality and equality of African languages must be recognized as a basis for the future empowerment of African peoples. 3 The diversity of African languages reflects the rich cultural heritage of Africa and must be used as an instrument of African unity. 4 Dialogue among African languages is essential: African languages must use the instrument of translation to advance communication among all people, including the disabled. 5 All African children have the unalienable right to attend school and learn in their mother tongues. Every effort should be made to develop African languages at all levels of education. 6 Promoting research on African languages is vital for their development, while the advancement of African research and documentation will be best served by the use of African languages.

17. Study Abroad In Kenya Essay 1
Kikuyu which represent 20.8% of the population.The luhya are the days when Europeansfirst came to africa and called the indigenous peoples savages for
http://www.coe.uga.edu/coenews/2001/Kenya_Marla.htm
Marla Scott , a junior in biology, from Winterville.
“Don’t cry because it is over, smile because it happened.” One of the other students who participated in the Kenya Study Abroad program with me this year sent me an email with these words of wisdom in it. I feel that it directly applies to my experiences, and when I think of the time I spent in Kenya, a smile always comes to my face and a longing to someday return. The trip, which spanned twenty-four days and took us to many different cities, parks, and natural areas of Kenya, changed the way that I look at the world. In fact, upon my return I expected my home to be different, the people to be changed. It took me a while to realize that everything was exactly as it was before, and that it was my views that had been drastically altered. And each time someone asks me “How was Africa?” I feel a little helpless in knowing I can’t possibly justify the magnitude of my experience in a couple sentences.
From the moment we stepped off the airplane I was a giddy, wide-eyed, airplane creased explorer. All thoughts of being professional fled my mind with that first breathe of Kenyan air, and I think I can safely say that all of the people on the trip spent that first night saying “Wow, this is Kenyan dirt” or “Look, it’s an African tree”.

18. Kenya2
By 1993, Human Rights Watch/africa estimated that 1,500 and, to a lesser extent, luhya,at both fromopposition plots to eliminate the indigenous peoples of the
http://www.hrw.org/hrw/reports/1997/kenya2/
FAILING THE INTERNALLY DISPLACED The UNDP Displaced Persons Program in Kenya Human Rights Watch/Africa Human Rights Watch
Printed in the United States of America.
ISBN 1-56432-212-2
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-72316
Listserv address: To subscribe to the list, send an e-mail message to majordomo@igc.apc.org with "subscribe hrw-news" in the body of the message (leave the subject line blank). ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS D.C. District Commissioner DHA Department of Humanitarian Affairs D.O. District Officer ECOSOC U.N. Economic and Social Council E.U. European Union FERA February the Eighteenth Resistance Army FORD Forum for the Restoration of Democracy IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights KADU Kenya African Democratic Union KANU Kenya African National Union Kshs. Kenya shilling [U.S.$1 = Kshs.55 in this report] Quips Quick Impact Projects NCCK National Council of Churches of Kenya NCDP National Committee for Displaced Persons NGO Nongovernmental organization P.C. Provincial Commissioner

19. Worldstats: Providing Information About Our World!
of the politics of the Luo and the luhya. granted a royal charter to operate in EastAfrica. From the beginning, the indigenous peoples strongly resisted the
http://www.worldstats.org/world/kenya.shtml
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  • Kenya
    Quick Overview:
    Geography:

    Location:
    Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Area:
    total: 582,650 sq km
    water: 13,400 sq km
    land: 569,250 sq km Land boundaries:
    total: 3,477 km border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean m highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m Geography - note: the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value People: Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) Population growth rate: 1.15% (2002 est.)

    20. Country Info - Kenya
    passed through by wave upon wave of peoples from all Kenyan Ethnic groups Kikuyu22%, luhya 14%, Luo Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26
    http://www.safari.nl/landen/kenya.html
    about us contact links sitemap COUNTRY INFO - KENYA Click here for gameparks!
    Kenya is still the primary focus of all adventure travel in Africa. It is one of the finestand undoubtedly the most famoussafari destination in the world. Safari , however, is by no means the only reason to visit Kenya, for the attractions of its rich culture and diverse environments are considerable.
    Kenya is situated right along the equator, on the eastern coast of the African continent. Its coastal region is on the southeast, and to the east lies Somalia. Ethiopia is to the north, the Sudan to the northwest, and Uganda directly to the west. The southwestern border of the country is marked by Lake Victoria, and southward lies Tanzania. Kenya's geography is marvelously varied. While much of northeastern Kenya is a flat, bush-covered plain, the remainder of the country encompasses pristine beaches, scenic highlands and lake regions, the Great Rift Valley, and the magnificent Mount Kenya.
    Although Kenya's varied environments experience a wide variety of climate conditions, the temperature remains comfortably warm year-round. Much of Kenya experiences heavy rainfall from March through May and, to a lesser extent, from October through December. The best time for most

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