81. Black History Web Site; The buffalo soldiers; buffalo soldiers Indian Documenting the AmericanSouth Narratives on Slavery; Education First Black history Activities; http://www.sdbp.com/bhistory.html

Black History Links (Updated 4th United States Colored Troops 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, Company I 105th U.S. Colored Troops 366th Infantry Regiment HomePage ... Webcorp - Voices of the Civil Rights Era

82. Buffalo Soldiers @ SchoolAtlas HistoryAmerican HistoryWestward Expansionbuffalo soldiers WhereSettlers and Sioux Collided ; buffalo soldiers - Student Handout http://www.schoolatlas.com/search2/History/American_History/Westward_Expansion/B

home world news books sitemap ... office Reference Nation Maps Nation Reports Nation Flags World Maps ... Writing Center ii Academic Subjects Reference Geography History Government ... Math College Search Here: Academic Websites Yahoo! Google Ask Jeeves About.com Alta Vista Lycos Excite HotBot Infoseek Northern Light DejaNews Lawcrawler Metacrawler Look Smart History American History Westward Expansion Buffalo Soldiers History:American History:Westward Expansion:Buffalo Soldiers Where Settlers and Sioux Collided BUFFALO SOLDIERS - Student Handout: Map2 -TNT's BUFFALO SOLDIERS is a dramatic composite, inspired in part by actual historical events. The filmmaker's aim is to illustrate the larger themes of citizenship, service and racial equality. These educational materials help educators to introduce this topic into their curriculum. Chief Black Kettle -Chief Black Kettle The Buffalo Soldiers -The Buffalo Soldiers of the 9th and 10th Cavalry served throughout the Western Frontier, and many earned the Congressional Medal of Honor. History of Fort Sill -Geronimo's Grave Fort Clark - Brackettville, TX - HISTORICAL INFORMATION

83. American History - Westward Ho american history Wetward Ho contributed by Lu Hickey. They were courageous and alliedwith the Plains Indians..who named the groupBuffalo soldiers..as the http://www.electricscotland.com/history/america/westwardho.htm

Clans Tartans History Travel ... Feedback American History Wetward Ho contributed by Lu Hickey From 1860 to 1862, Pony Express riders carried mail n relays from St. Joseph, MO to Sacramento, CA. Riders were out of "St. Joe" had only a brief gallop to the wide Missouri River where ferry boats conveyed them over the river. From St. Joseph the Pony Express followed the Oregon-California trail across northeast Kansas territory then ran north to the Platte river in Nebraska and west to Sacramento, California. The Kansas section of the route had 11 stations. The original station in Marysville still stands. Relay stations were established 15-20 miles apart where riders would change horses. The Oregon Trail was known by many names, The Mormon Trail, the Platte Trail and the California Trail, as these were the most common trails used by the diverse settlers moving west to attempt to tame the west, the Indians, and the new frontier. The Oregon Trail was used by the Army, and stagecoaches and the Pony Express followed part of the trail. In 1830, William Sublette took the firs wagons along the route to the rocky Mountains. By the middle of the 1840s, traffic on the Oregon Trail was tremendous and the California gold rush increased its use even more in 1849 and 1850.

84. African-American History And Studies Exploring the Life and history of the buffalo Indian Wars (SL Davis); Texas buffaloSoldiers (Austin Learning Africanamerican Sheet Music, 1850-1920 selected http://www2.tntech.edu/history/black.html

African-American History and Studies Professional Associations Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History National Association for African American Studies National Council for Black Studies Association of Black Women Historians ... African American Heritage Preservation Foundation, Inc. Archives and Research Centers African American Voices (Gilder Lehrman Institute for American History) African American Studies Scholarly Resources (Columbia University Libraries) Africana Studies (New York University) Amistad Research Center (Tulane University) ... Dorothy Porter Wesley (1905-1995) African American History Sites The African American Journey (PBS) Black Facts Online (K. Granderson) Black History Calendar (TheBlackMarket.com) African American Voices (Gilder Lehrman Institute for American History) ... Olive B. McLin Community History Project (Florida) Contemporary Issues Africana.com Roundtable: Race in America (Atlantic Unbound) The State of Black America 1998 (National Urban League) Black Voices ... Preserve Maxwell Street Last updated on April 1, 2003 Department of History Tennessee Technological University Box 5064 Cookeville, TN 38505

85. African Americans The buffalo soldiers on the Western Frontier. Gateway to African Americanhistory. Encyclopedia Brittannica Guide to Black history. http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/~library/African Americans.htm

African Americans Resources in the Library: African American Video Collection African Video Collection Afro American Reference Collection: An extensive collection of reference books for use in the library For library holdings, go to the ROSIE online catalog. Search by... Affirmative Action Africa The Africa Homepage Africa Sites (CNN) AfricaBib.com Arts Harlem Renaissance (from the Encyclopedia Britannica) BET Home Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame Black Film Center/Archive Bay Area Connections Yahoo / Regional / San Francisco Bay Area Beauty, Personal Biography Biographies (Gale Group) Nikki Giovanni Black Cowboys Black History Month Black History Month (Social Studies School Service) (for children and young people) Black History Month Resources Resources and Links For Black History Month, Kwanzaa, Martin Luther King Day and More! Ten Great Places to Celebrate Black History Books African American Literature Book Club African Connections (Melanet) "Cover to Cover"

86. News Release - Yosemite National Park Yosemite National Park Ranger Visits Cleveland to Talk to Students aboutBuffalo soldiers for African american history Month. Yosemite http://www.nps.gov/yose/news/2002/buff0228.htm

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Yosemite National Park Media Relations Office P.O. Box 577 Yosemite, CA 95389 www.nps.gov/yose/news 209 372-0529 phone 209 372-0371 fax Yosemite National Park News Release February 28, 2002 For Immediate Release Yosemite National Park Ranger Visits Cleveland to Talk to Students about Buffalo Soldiers for African American History Month Yosemite National Park Ranger Shelton Johnson traveled to Cleveland, Ohio on the invitation of PBS television station WVIZ as part of their celebration of African American History Month. He presented programs to students there about the role of Buffalo Soldiers in Yosemite and Sequoia/Kings Canyon at the turn of the 20th century. Johnson provides a living history interpretive program in Yosemite National Park as one of the Buffalo Soldiers who was responsible for the protection of Yosemite. It was these soldiers as members of the Calvary who managed both Yosemite and Sequoia/Kings Canyon National Parks before the National Park Service was created in 1916. A producer from WVIZ saw a seminar in Yosemite in the spring of 2001 and contacted Johnson about working with them for African American History Month. Johnson estimates that he spoke to 3,000 students directly and approximately 20,000 students through remote video conferencing, completing 26 speaking engagements.

87. History history. of. The African american Soldier in the US Army 18661920’s. *** The BuffaloSoldier ***. African american soldiers in the unprecedented numbers served http://www.buffalosoldierskc.org/History.html

HISTORY OF THE BUFFALO SOLDIERS During the summer of 1867, about twelve soldiers of the 10th Cavalry were engaged in a six-hour battle with 300 Cheyenne Warriors. When the battle ended due to darkness, Seminole scouts spying on the Cheyenne camp overheard them referring to the black soldiers as Buffalo Soldiers. Later, they learned the nickname was a badge of honor. Three reasons pertaining to the buffalo, which Native Americans held in high esteem, were given for the soldiers' nickname: (1) the soldiers were first seen in the winter of 1866 wearing buffalo robes, (and some say the Native Americans thought they resembled buffaloes). (2) They fought like a wounded buffalo. (3) The soldiers' hair resembled the buffalo's mane. July 28, 1966, a group of former WW II veterans gathered to reminisce about their experiences. Realizing one hundred years ago their predecessors began paving the way for them, the 9th & 10th (Horse (to distinguish it from modern cavalry units)) Cavalry Association was formed. In 1985, the charter of the 9th & 10th (Horse) Cavalry Association was transferred from the State of Missouri to Junction City, KS. The association has grown to over 800 registered members, and 18 chapters with one located in Germany. Unfortunately, some veterans were not discharged as 9th or 10th cavalrymen or 24th or 25th infantrymen and are unaware that they are "Buffalo Soldiers." The association is trying to locate some of these veterans and bring them into the organization. Others know, but prefer not to get involved because memories are too painful.

88. LEST WE FORGET ACADEMIC INFO AFRICAN american history. AFRICAN americanS, SLAVERY,AND ABOLITION. AFRICAN-american history AND AND CULTURE ITEMS LIST. http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/default.htm

LEST WE FORGET By Bennie J. McRae, Jr. "Knowledge is worthless, if it is not shared" - Tom Brooks, Historian - Gravenhurst, Ontario Reaching out to the World From the Heartland of THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Welcome to LEST WE FORGET Our agenda is simple. The contributors and I offer you the history, culture, preservation efforts, and current events of African-Americans, other ethnic, non-ethnic groups and individuals. We focus on and emphasize their sacrifices, relationships, interactions, patriotism as well as their contributions to the growth and development of this great nation. Let us never forget them. Bennie J. McRae, Jr. - Researcher and Site Manager IN MEMORIAM THE CREW OF STS-107 LOST: SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA CALENDAR OF EVENTS FREEDOM FIGHTERS UNITED STATES COLORED TROOPS IN THE CIVIL WAR www.bjmjr.com/civwar/usct.htm www.coax.net/people/lwf/data.htm "I highly recommend the two best USCT sites on the web" William Gladstone, Civil War Historian "The most informative web sites on the African American experience during the Civil War" Murry Dorty, Military Historian

89. Tennessee State Museum The buffalo Soldier is a true story that surveys nearly five decades of Americanhistory. The black soldiers of the 9th and 10th Cavalry and 24th Infantry were http://www.tnmuseum.org/generalinfo/releases/buffalo.html

Contact Us Home Site Contents: General Info Our History In The News Links ... Museum Store General Information In The News Tennessee State Museum celebrates Black History Month with Buffalo Soldiers exhibit Four black chaplains in the U.S.Army, Madison Barracks, New York, 1908 NASHVILLE, January 7, 2003 - An exhibit commemorating a unique group of African - American soldiers known as Buffalo Soldiers who served in the U.S. Army since the late 1800s will open on February 4 at the Tennessee State Museum for Black History Month. The Buffalo Soldier exhibit is a collection of photographs, artifacts, uniforms and etchings organized by Smith Kramer Fine Art Services. The Tennessee State museum has added Tennessee related items to the exhibition, including 1880 discharge papers of a Nashville-area African American who served in the 24th Infantry. African - American soldiers in unprecedented numbers served in the United States Army on the Western frontier during the late 19th century. As members of the 9th and 10th Calvary and the 24th and 25th Infantry Regiments, they were the first African Americans in our nation's history to serve in the regular peacetime army. Before these regiments were organized, blacks were allowed to serve in the army only in wartime. According to legend, the soldiers of the 9th and 10th Calvary Regiments were first called "buffalo soldiers" by Native Americans because their curly hair and their fighting spirit reminded the Indian of the buffalo. The soldiers accepted the name as a term of respect and honor. The name is still applied today to U.S. Army units that are linear descendents of the original units.

90. Black History Month Essay- July 26th, Executive Order #9981 Signed “Equality Of Place In Celebration of Black history Month Sponsored (Online Website, The BuffaloSoldiers ) Another exceptional Africanamerican military unit http://www.nps.gov/gett/gettevents/essay2-03.htm

American History Essay Contest Winners- Second Place In Celebration of Black History Month Sponsored by Gettysburg National Military Park 97 Taneytown Road Gettysburg, Pennsylvania 17325 July 26 th , Executive Order #9981 Signed "Equality of Treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin." By: Jesse Sayre 12th Grade Gettysburg High School Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Prior to Executive Order 9981, African-Americans had served with honor and distinction in the U.S. armed services, but always in separate units from white soldiers. There were African-American soldiers who fought with Washington during the war of independence. African-Americans also fought with General Andrew Jackson during the War of 1812. African-American units fought for the Union side in the Civil War, such as the 54 th Third Place Essay by Victoria M. Smith, Delone Catholic High School National Park Service Gettysburg National Military Park 97 Taneytown Road Gettysburg, PA 17325

91. Black History Pages Creates the First Peace Time Africanamerican Units. Votes 1) Rate It. The New BuffaloSoldiers - Web site Details the history of the 10th Cavalry especially http://blackhistorypages.com/Military/Buffalo_Soldiers/

Add a Site Modify a Site What's New What's Cool ... Military : Buffalo Soldiers A Salute to the Buffalo Soldiers The Buffalo Soldier name originated with the legendary black soldiers, some of them Civil War veterans, who fought in the Indian wars on the western frontier. Historians say American Indians gave that name to the troops because of their curly hair and as a sign of respect. (Added: 29-Dec-1999 Hits: 270 Rating: 8.00 Votes: 1) Rate It Buffalo Soldier.net Sixteen photographs of Buffalo Soldiers, and 14 of their legendary Native American foes, two mini videos and 64 story/page links are presented with battles, and historical background events. Links to Civil War, military, and personal archival documents are included with additional links to multimedia, kids, family and multicultural sites. (Added: 7-Feb-2001 Hits: 180 Rating: Votes: 0) Rate It Buffalo Soldiers at Fort Robinson Black soldiers of the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry regiments (called 'Buffalo Soldiers' by the Plains Indians) garrisoned Fort Robinson for eighteen years and played an important role in northwestern Nebraska's history. (Added: 30-Nov-1999 Hits: 143 Rating: Votes: 0) Rate It Buffalo Soldiers Legacy Honored When the first black U.S. Cavalry soldiers rode into the still-untamed western plains during the late 1800s, few realized the impact or the legend they would create during their service on the frontier. One blue-suiter, however, is committed to not only rediscovering and preserving their heritage, but also building a legacy that pays tribute to the men known as "Buffalo Soldiers."

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