21. Education First: Black History Hotlist A large site with many links about Black history Month, slavery and history, leaders, news, poetry.Category Society Ethnicity Events Black history Month...... american history The Africanamerican Mosaic A Library of Congress Guide for theStudy of Black history and Culture African american buffalo soldiers http://www.kn.pacbell.com/wired/BHM/bh_hotlist.html

Black History Month Leaders News Poetry ... General Resources Introduction The following resources come from all over the Internet. Some are provided by companies like CNN Interactive while others are the products of university scholars or amateurs. Use these sites as the raw material for your own study of African-American history and issues. Remember to read critically and look for hidden agendas, bias, or errors that might creep into the Web pages. If you'd like a more guided learning experience, go to the main Black History Month Web site. Black History Month "February is Black History Month," by Yaw Boateng "Why We Need Black History Month - All Year Around by Henry Martey Codjoe Carter Godwin Woodson (1875-1950) Carter G. Woodson and Black History Month (brief background) Slavery and African American History The African-American Mosaic: A Library of Congress Guide for the Study of Black History and Culture Colonization: The Beginnings of the American Colonization Society Abolition: Abolition as a Social Movement Migration: The WPA: Cavalcade of the American Negro Authors and the Federal Writers' Project Other Slavery Resources Africans in America: America's Journey through Slavery from PBS Online Sojourner Truth Harriet Beecher Stowe's description of Sojourner Truth Francis Henderson describes living conditions under slavery (1856) James Martin remembers a slave auction (1937) ... The Underground Railroad from National Geographic Sergeant Henry Parker Cathay Williams, Female Buffalo Soldier

22. Buffalo Soldiers And Black Cowboys to prominant African american military involvement in the West. buffalo SoldiersBaltimore Chapter honoring comrades who have passed on and the history and http://www.geocities.com/cott1388/black-cowboy.html

As the American west opened up, it was a beckoning "golden door" of opportunity to thousands of people craving a fresh start, and a chance for a future on their own. Not only young white men (and some families) feeling crowded in the East, but countless non-whites, too. It has been estimated that at least 1/6 and perhaps as high as 1/3 of all the emigrants to the West were African-American, and/or mixed blood individuals. Some traced their citizenship / freedom to colonial times, others bought themselves from their masters, some were freed by law or proclamation, others "purchased" their freedom with their feet. Their story is an exciting one, and increasing scholarship is honing in on their crucial role. Here are some study sources to browse thru. The Other All-Americans An all-American Epic ~ One Day to be Told BlackWest - Herb Ruffin: Africans in the America West ~ Claremont (CGU) Black Cowboys of Texas - Sara Massey's just-published best seller Black Frontiers: A History of African American Heroes in the Old West Otis Young of TV's The Outcasts (series) The Black Cowboys - John Wukovits tells the of these rugged old west cowboys Jim Beckwourth and the Beckwourth Trail - a Sierra route to the Gold Country Jim Beckwourth and the War Horse Ranch - the story of a trail blazer to northern California Links to "Black Cowboys of Texas" contributors - authors and writers behind the articles Our multicultural West - resources about the American West from a multicultural and intercultural perspective

23. African American Warriors soldiers The buffalo soldiers on the Western Frontier 1 The buffalo soldiers onthe UK Ireland Society and CultureCulturesAfrican AmericanHistory Yahoo http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Quarters/3624/history.html

African American Cowboys African American Heroes Guardian of the Plains by Joe Umble Civil War Kansas State Historical Society Civil War State Archives Resources U.S. Civil War Center Civil War Soldiers and Units Information The American Civil War Homepage Kansas State Civil War State Archives ... NPS African-American Civil War Sites Kansas Cavalry title>Kansas State Hist.Soc. Border Wars Manuscript KANSAS COLLECTION ARTICLES VICKI BETTS Kansas State Hist. Soc. Spanish-American War Philippine Kansas State Hist.Soc. Indian Campaigns Manuscript ... Kansas State Hist.Soc. Buffalo Soldiers The Buffalo Soldiers BUFFALO.DOC The Buffalo Soldiers on the Western Frontier BUFFALO SOLDIER TRAVELING EXHIBIT AVAILABILITY ... The Buffalo Soldiers on the Western Frontier #2 54th Massachusetts MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION A Division of the Office of the Massachusetts History Video/Filmography USAMHI Ethnicity - Blacks - CW RefBranch dv May 85, js Feb 90, Jul 93 BLACK All Massachusetts Video/Film listings ... 28th Massachusetts Home Page Louisiana infantry 8th Louisiana Infantry, Company B

24. Buffalo Soldiers And Chronicler Defy Stereotypes That's OK; it's fun to challenge stereotypes. And the buffalo soldiers are partof american history, not just black history, added Schubert, who will http://new.blackvoices.com/news/bv-buffalosoldiers030213,0,7756121.story?coll=bv

25. Wars In American History War soldiers Camp; Sailors; African american Warriors; US Civil War (Interactiveliving history adventure site buffalo soldiers; Portraits in Black The buffalo http://www.cam-info.net/amwar.html

Wars in American History American Revolution Civil War Plains Indians Wars Spanish-American War ... K-9 History: The Dogs of War Military History / Personnel Records Where to Find Military Information Military Pay Military Base Lookup U.S. Army Military History Institute (Historical Reference Branch) (Best for U.S. Army Unit Histories) Veterans Service Records Standard Form 180 - Request Pertaining to Military Records History of U.S. Armies In Uniform American Revolution (History Place) American Revolution Home Page LIBERTY! The American Revolution George Washington More George Washington ... Charters of Freedom (Natl Archives: Declaration of Independence/Constitution/Bill of Rights) Valley Forge Muster Roll Articles of Confederation (1776-1796) Early America Roles of African Americans in the Amer. Revolution ... Crispus Attucks Commemorative Coin (U.S. Mint) Independence Day (July 4, 1776) Declaration of Independence American Revolution: Struggle for Independence French Volunteers in the American Revolution ... Selected Matthew Brady Civil War Photographs (Library of Congress) American Civil War Homepage (Univ.of TN)

26. Buffalo Soldiers War College and the Military history Museum General Colin Powell, a great tributeto the buffalo soldiers! contribution made by these Black american Heroes, and http://www.ruraltel.net/gced/buffalo.htm

Black Americans have fought in every war in which this country as been engaged. However, there first major participation came during the Civil War. During that bloody conflict, nearly 180,000 black men wore the Union blue. More than 33,000 of the gallant soldiers gave their lives for the sake of freedom and their country. In recognition of their valuable services during the War Between the States, Congress provided legislation which enacted six regiments of black regular army soldiers. Of these six, four units were infantry and the remaining two, cavalry. The latter were designated as the U.S. Ninth and Tenth Cavalry Regiments. Headquarters in Greenville, Louisiana and Leavenworth, Kansas, the two units were destined to become the most decorated of all U.S. Military Regiments. All twelve companies of the Tenth had been organized by the summer of 1867. The majority of the men were mustered to combat hostile Cheyenne Indians along the lines of the Kansas-Pacific railroad. The troopers soon proved their bravery and valor in skirmishes and hot fire-fights. They won the respect of the Cheyenne warriors who named them

27. Buffalo Soldiers & Indian Wars (buffalosoldier.net) experiences to enhance educational, genealogical and historical research activitieson the buffalo soldiers and their role in american history and culture. http://www.unl.edu:2020/alpha/Buffalo_Soldiers_Indian_Wars.html

UNL LIBRARIES INTERNET RESOURCES CATALOG RECORD To connect to this resource, click on the title TITLE: AUTHORS: Stanford L. Davis Buffalosoldier.net OTHER TITLES: Buffalosoldier.net SUBJECT CATEGORIES: Social Sciences History American History Multidisciplinary Studies Ethnic and Gender Studies SUBJECT KEYWORDS: African American soldiers Personal narratives United States. Army African American troops History Buffalo Soldiers Afro-Americans West (U.S.) History 19th century Afro-Americans West (U.S.) History 20th century Frontier and pioneer life West (U.S.) West (U.S.) Race relations SITE INCLUDES: Provide multicultural as well as multimedia experiences to enhance educational, genealogical and historical research activities on the Buffalo Soldiers and their role in American history and culture. Part 5 of this site contains an extensive webliography. Return to top Return to Main Menu April 13, 2001

28. African American History, Kansas State Historical Society African american history. Exhibits telling the stories of Black soldiers who foughtfor buffalo soldiers stationed here were revered by Native americans and http://www.kshs.org/tourists/theme/african.htm

Travel by Historic Theme African American History Learn how African Americans influenced national events and helped to settle the Kansas frontier. Kansas Museum of History Exhibits telling the stories of Black soldiers who fought for Kansas and Black settlers who sought freedom in Kansas. Constitution Hall State Historic Site Where the passage of a proslavery constitution galvanized antislavery forces that ultimately secured a Kansas free of slavery. First Territorial Capitol State Historic Site The nation watched while the votes of antislavery and proslavery forces would determine the fate of the nation. Fort Hays State Historic Site "Buffalo Soldiers" stationed here were revered by Native Americans and proved their courage and valor during the settlement of the frontier. Goodnow House State Historic Site Glimpse the life of Isaac Goodnow, a leader in the Free-State movement. Grinter Place State Historic Site Where the interaction of cultures in territorial Kansas included Native Americans and African Americans.

29. Buffalop Soldiers Playing Cards Theme buffalo soldiers; american history Playing Cards; Black historyPlaying Cards; World War II Airplane Spotter Playing Card Deck; http://www.blackdogaccessories.com/card_decks_14.htm

Comic Books Role Playing Games Board Games Card Games ... Who We Are Playing Cards with a Historical Theme Buffalo Soldiers For decades African american soldiers in the rank and file of the U.S. Military remained unsung heroes. the black regiments, which came into being in 1866, quickly earned the respect of both fellow servicemen and opponents. this beautifully illustrated deck of 54 cards pays homage to those leaders whose contributions helped change the face of America. 1866 - present, includes Colin Powell Unusual Decks and Games The Age Of Dinosaurs Screen Legends Playing Card Deck Low Vision Card Deck Playing Card Games with an Art Theme African Art Playing Cards Deck Fine Art Nudes Card Deck Double Bridge Sets Shakespere Double Bridge Set Cat Lovers Double Bridge Set Civil War Emblems Double Bridge Set Fresh and Saltwater Fish Double Bridge Set ... Card Games Page 2 for more card games Instructional and Family Specialty Card Decks Animals of the World Birds of the World Butterflies of the World Cats of the World ... Cat Lovers Double Bridge Set Playing Cards with a Historical Theme Buffalo Soldiers American History Playing Cards Black History Playing Cards World War II Airplane Spotter Playing Card Deck ... Famous Women in American History Civil War Decks

30. Buffalo Soldiers buffalo soldiers America's Unsung Heroes buffalo soldiers - African american soldierswho helped to Black military history, African-american history. http://cybersleuth-kids.com/sleuth/History/US_History/Westward_Expansion/Buffalo

Home Fun and Games Science Math ... CLIPART A Great Site to find school related clipart. Over 20,000 pictures, illustration, clipart and images to download!! CLIPART INDEX Clipart History Animals, Dinosaurs ... Central Free Lesson Plans in Math, Social Studies, Art, Language Arts, and Science. Rubrics, Worksheets, and Teacher Productivity Tools!! Math Worsheets Math Flash Cards Online Word Search Stay up-to-date! Sign up for our mailing list Subject Themes Dinosaurs Civil War Educational Software US States ... Ancient Civilizations Clipart Mathematics Explorers Inventors ... Lessons US History Search: Home History US History Westward Expansion Buffalo Soldiers SEARCH RESULTS 1 - 12 of 14 BUFFALO SOLDIERS Buaffalo Soldiers links...

31. The Buffalo Soldiers - Art.com, Posters, Prints And Fine Art 10085125A. The buffalo soldiers. Wall Poster. Related Galleries, Related Products.american history Social Studies World history US Government Geography, http://www.art.com/asp/sp.asp?PD=10085125

32. Buffalo Soldiers Legacy Honored Efforts to recount the buffalo soldiers service in the West proved to be a I'mahistory buff, and particularly a researcher of African american history. http://www.af.mil/news/features/features95/f_950731-104_95jul31.html

Buffalo Soldiers legacy honored by Tech. Sgt. Clint Williams Air Force News Service Features F.E. WARREN AIR FORCE BASE, Wyo. When the first black U.S. Cavalry soldiers rode into the still-untamed western plains during the late 1800s, few realized the impact or the legend they would create during their service on the frontier. One blue-suiter, however, is committed to not only rediscovering and preserving their heritage, but also building a legacy that pays tribute to the men known as "Buffalo Soldiers." Their ability as soldiers and their fierce fighting spirit earned them the respect of Native American tribes whom they encountered, and who nicknamed them Buffalo Soldiers because of their curly hair and buffalo hide coats they wore in the winter, according to Master Sgt. Cornelius A. "Doc" Settles, a 90th Civil Engineer Squadron member. Efforts to recount the Buffalo Soldiers service in the West proved to be a challenging task, said Settles. Their accomplishments were either ignored or never fully documented by historians and news media of that era and few publications outside of military records even accounted for their existence. "I'm a history buff, and particularly a researcher of African American history. I've been at F.E. Warren for nearly 15 years and I've always been involved with local black history events.

33. Buffalo Soldiers History, U.S. Indian And Span-Am Wars. buffalo soldiers history of the United States Cavalry Infantry duringthe Indian Wars, Old West Spanish american (SpanAm) War. http://www.ushist.com/buffalo-soldiers.htm

Click here for AzRA Casting Site Click here for AzRA Main Site The Buffalo Soldiers With the release of the movie "Glory", made by Tri- Star Pictures in 1989, we saw the first real interest in the part that Negroes played in our Military history. But this did not start with the Buffalo Soldiers or even the American Civil War. It started much earlier. The Early Years Negro Troops marched in the ranks of Washington's armies, in the cause of independence. They served with Andrew Jackson at New Orleans in 1815 to repel the British invaders. But it was their first large scale employment during the Civil War, that they made their real entrance into American History. Civil War Period When Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumpter on April 12, 1861. Negroes were eager to wear the Union blue, but it wouldn't come easy. On the first anniversary of Fort Sumpter, General David Hunter organized a Negro regiment. But his effort was abortive and the regiment was "turned off without a shilling, by order of the War Department." Seven months later Colonel T. W. Higginson of Massachusetts took command of the First Regiment of South Carolina Volunteers, the first slave regiment mustered into the service of the United States. By the end of the war 180,000 Negroes had served in the Union army and taps had sounded over the bodies of 33,380 of them. Yet, they didn't fight only in Union Blue. Sadly, little has ever been written of the Negroes that served in the Confederate Army, so we know little of their reasons for fighting for the Confederacy or the outcome of these efforts.

34. Black History Books: Buffalo Soldiers, Black Indians & Old West. Black history books, including the buffalo soldiers Black Indians. During americanCivil, Indian Wars; Old West, Spanishamerican War World War One. http://www.ushist.com/books_film_music/books_black_history.htm

History Book Store Historical Information and Reference Books, Music, Video and DVD AzRA Casting Site AzRA Main Site 100s of pages of information The Leavey Foundation in association with brings you history books, historical / period music and history based videos. Histories - Confederate Histories - Union Histories - Non-CW Military Battles ... Manuals More Coming Period Music We have a new book store . It includes more categories and many more books. It also contains more information on each book on the first page. There is also a link, for each book, to a page with detailed information. To use the new version, Click Here This version will remain in case the new store doesn't work with all browsers. These items can be purchased though Amazon.com. Click the Picture/Image or Title/Text to go the Amazon.com page, in a NEW Window, for more information, including current price or make a purchase. To return, just close that window. Books Black History The Buffalo Soldiers: A Narrative of the Negro Cavalry in the West Buy it today of the Ninth Calvary, 1867-1898:

35. Who Are The Buffalo Soldiers many other military campaigns The Spanish american War, The However, the story ofthe buffalo soldiers remain one a significant part of the history of America http://www.louisdiggs.com/buffalo/history.html

Who are the Buffalo Soldiers? African-Americans have fought in military conflicts since colonial days. However, the Buffalo Soldiers, comprised of former slaves, freemen and Black Civil War soldiers, were the first to serve during peacetime. Once the Westward movement had begun, prominent among those blazing treacherous trails of the Wild West were the Buffalo Soldiers of the U.S. Army. These African-Americans were charged with and responsible for escorting settlers, cattle herds, and railroad crews. The 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments also conducted campaigns against American Indian tribes on a western frontier that extended from Montana in the Northwest to Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona in the Southwest. Throughout the era of the Indian Wars, approximately twenty percent of the U.S. Cavalry troopers were Black, and they fought over 177 engagements. The combat prowess, bravery, tenaciousness, and looks on the battlefield, inspired the Indians to call them "Buffalo Soldiers." Many Indians believe the name symbolized the Native American's respect for the Buffalo Soldiers' bravery and valor. Buffalo Soldiers, down through the years, have worn the name with pride. Buffalo Soldiers participated in many other military campaigns: The Spanish American War, The Phillippine Insurrection, The Mexican Expedition, World War I, World War II, and the Korean Police Action.

36. Black History Links Gateway to African american history. buffalo soldiers and Indian Wars. AfricanCountries. African american Biography. buffalo soldiers A Brief history. http://paulrevereschool.org/BlackHist.html

Revere Library Home Page Black History Links Gateway to African American History Buffalo Soldiers and Indian Wars African Countries Buffalo Soldiers on the Western Frontier ... African American History the Detroit News Exploring Amistad African American History Page Faces of Science: African Americans in the Sciences African American Journey from World Book. February is Black History Month African-American Mosaic Footsteps: African American History African American Odyssey ... Revere Library Home Page

37. The Symposium Prism of Race The Meaning of African american history in the american West, by SectionII Cowboys, Indians and buffalo soldiers Exploding Myths of the http://americanhistory.si.edu/paac/aquest/resourcebank.htm

Symposium Schedule America's Racial Frontier Cowboys, "Indians" and Buffalo Soldiers From Nicodemus to Central Avenue ... Sections The Symposium Introduction African American West Overview About the Sponsors Enter to Register Sections: Friday, February 2 Section I - America's Racial Frontier 9:30-11:30 a.m. Invocation: Echoes from the Past; Historical figures from the Black West Welcome Niani Kilkenny, Director, Program in African American Culture Welcome Spencer R. Crew, Director, National Museum of American History Welcome : by Rowena Stewart, Director, The American Jazz Museum At 18th and Vine, Kansas City Statement of Theme: Lonnie G. Bunch, III, President, Chicago Historical Society, Conference Chair, National Museum of American History Through the Prism of Race: The Meaning of African American History in the American West , by Quintard Taylor, Ph.D., University of Washington Lunch on Your Own Time 11:30-1:30 p.m. Section II - Cowboys, "Indians" and Buffalo Soldiers : Exploding Myths of the Frontier 1:30-3:30 p.m.

38. The Symposium Prism of Race The Meaning of African american history in the american West, by SectionII Cowboys , Indians and buffalo soldiers Exploding Myths of http://americanhistory.si.edu/paac/aquest/symposium.htm

Symposium Schedule America's Racial Frontier Cowboys, "Indians" and Buffalo Soldiers From Nicodemus to Central Avenue ... Sections The Symposium Sections: Friday, February 2 Section I - America's Racial Frontier 9:30-11:30 a.m. Invocation: Echoes from the Past; Historical figures from the Black West; Estebanico, Mary Ellen Pleasant, Emanuel Stance, Biddy Mason, Cowboy Mike, and Stagecoach Mary Welcome Niani Kilkenny, Director, Program in African American Culture Welcome Spencer R. Crew, Director, National Museum of American History Welcome Rowena Stewart, Director, The American Jazz Museum At 18th and Vine, Kansas City Statement of Theme: Lonnie G. Bunch III, President, Chicago Historical Society, Conference Chair, National Museum of American History Through the Prism of Race: The Meaning of African American History in the American West , by Quintard Taylor, University of Washington Lunch on Your Own Time 11:30-1:30 p.m. Section II -" Cowboys", "Indians" and "Buffalo Soldiers"

39. Buffalo Soldiers (Educational Materials: African American Odyssey) War and for the first time in american history, African americans were permittedto serve in the regular US peacetime army;; buffalo soldiers were subjected to http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/educate/buffalo.html

African American Odyssey Introduction Overview Object List Education Materials Buffalo Soldiers What’s the Main Idea? Object Description Probing Further Buffalo Soldiers, Ft. Keogh, Missouri, ... wearing buffalo robes], n.d. Cabinet card. Gladstone Collection Prints and Photographs Division After the Civil War and for the first time in American history, African Americans were permitted to serve in the regular U.S. peacetime army; Buffalo Soldiers were subjected to not only harsh terrain in all kinds of extreme weather conditions, but to prejudicial attitudes by those whom they were to protect; Buffalo Soldiers not only served in the western territories of the U.S., but fought in the Spanish American War, the Philippine Insurrection in 1899, and patrolled Yosemite, General Grant and Sequoia National Parks in California. The federal government disbanded most of the United States Colored Troops after the Civil War, although some continued to patrol in the West. African Americans had fought as soldiers in the American Revolution and in the Civil War, but it was not until March, 1866, when Congress passed legislation to reorganize the military, that the first enlistment of African Americans into the United States Army was permitted. At that time, six all-black regiments were created: the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 41st infantries, and the 9th and 10th cavalries. However, by 1869 the four infantries were reduced to two, the 24th and 25th regiments. This image is of the "Buffalo Soldiers" at Fort Keogh, Missouri, 25th Infantry. These infantrymen escorted western migrants, protected mail and stage routes, and fought in attacks on the Apaches, Kiowas, Cheyennes, and Comanches. The 10th Cavalry is credited with capturing the feared Indian leader, Geronimo, in 1885. The Buffalo Soldiers, as the Native Americans named them, distinguished themselves by earning fourteen Congressional Medal of Honors for their heroic efforts.

40. TheHistoryNet.com american history 2/2/98 Black Indians 2/22/99 buffalo soldiers. http://history.about.com/

About History From the editors of TheHistoryNet Search in this topic in About in the Web Subscribe Classifieds TheHistoryNet Shop eContents tod('pod'); onClick="return true" onMouseOver="document.images.imageDaily3.src='/dailypicture_button.gif'" onMouseOut="document.images.imageDaily3.src='/dailypicture_button.gif'"> Sponsored by: American Military U. tod('tih'); onClick="return true" onMouseOver="document.images.imageDaily2.src='/dailytoday_button.gif'" onMouseOut="document.images.imageDaily2.src='/dailytoday_button.gif'"> MAGAZINES America's Civil War American History Aviation History British Heritage ... World War II GUIDESITES 20th Century History African History African-American History ... Women's History Subscribe to our newsletters Communique Daily Quiz TheHistoryNet Turning the Tide in 1812 It had been tough going for the American forces, which had suffered one disaster after another. But when the retreating militiamen under the command of Maj. Gen. William Henry Harrison stood its ground on the banks of Ohio's Maumee River, the tide began to turn in favor of the Americans in the War of 1812. Among the latest additions to TheHistoryNet is the heroic story of Harrison and his men.

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