1. FPP Web Page2 of the impact of protected areas on indigenous peoples in africa of London, and startedworking in africa in the He speaks English, French, and bambara, and is http://forestpeoples.gn.apc.org/Briefings/Landrights/fao_land_tenure_report_dec0

REF: RA 42/1 PE 4/173 A SURVEY OF INDIGENOUS LAND TENURE A REPORT FOR THE LAND TENURE SERVICE OF THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION DECEMBER 2001 Marcus Colchester (editor) Marcus Colchester, Fergus MacKay, Tom Griffiths and John Nelson Forest Peoples Programme This paper was prepared under contract with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The positions and opinions presented are those of the authors alone, and are not intended to represent the views of FAO. FAO About the authors: Marcus Colchester received his doctorate in anthropology at University of Oxford on the Social Ecology of the Sanema (N. Yanomami) of South Venezuela. He has subsequently worked extensively throughout the tropics. His work has focused on the rights of indigenous peoples, forest policy and standard-setting for conservation and development. In 1994 he was awarded a Pew Conservation Fellowship in recognition of his work in this field. He has acted as a consultant for the International Commission on International Humanitarian Issues, the United Nations Research Institute on Social Development, the World Bank, the World Commission on Dams, the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, the Centre for International Forestry Research and the Biodiversity Support Programme. He has published extensively in academic and NGO journals and is the author and editor of numerous books including ‘The Struggle for Land and the Fate of the Forests’ (1993) with Larry Lohmann and ‘Guyana: Fragile Frontier - Loggers, Miners and Forest Peoples’

2. Indigenous American Mathematics - Mathematics And The Liberal Arts Indigenous Am (Native American, USA). indigenous peoples in GUYANA (Native American, USA). HOTTENTOT (Afrika africa). HOUMA (Native American, of the Savanna; The bambara, Fulani, Igbo, Mossi etc. http://math.truman.edu/~thammond/history/IndigenousAmericas.html

Indigenous American Mathematics - Mathematics and the Liberal Arts To refine search, see subtopics Indigenous Mathematics of North America and Indigenous Mathematics of Central and South America . To expand search, see The Americas . Laterally related topics: North America and Central and South America The Mathematics and the Liberal Arts pages are intended to be a resource for student research projects and for teachers interested in using the history of mathematics in their courses. Many pages focus on ethnomathematics and in the connections between mathematics and other disciplines. The notes in these pages are intended as much to evoke ideas as to indicate what the books and articles are about. They are not intended as reviews. However, some items have been reviewed in Mathematical Reviews , published by The American Mathematical Society. When the mathematical review (MR) number and reviewer are known to the author of these pages, they are given as part of the bibliographic citation. Subscribing institutions can access the more recent MR reviews online through MathSciNet Ascher, Marcia. Before the conquest.

3. VADA - Volkeren En Stammen Peoples Tribes B (Oeganda Uganda). bambara (Guinee - Guinea, Mali, Niger). BAMBUTI (Afrika - africa). BAMILEKE (Kameroen BOIS-BRULES (Noord Amerika - North America). indigenous peoples in BOLIVIA http://www.vada.nl/volkenbb.htm

VADA - Volkeren Peoples Tribes Last update: 17-07-2002 A B BA-AKA (Afrika - Africa) BABANKI (Kameroen - Cameroon) BABENJELE (Afrika - Africa) BABONGO (Afrika - Africa) ... BWA (Mali, Burkina Faso) BABANKI (Kameroen - Cameroon)/a> Babanki Information BABYLONIANS (Midden Oosten - Middle East) The Babylonians BAFUMBIRA BANYARWANDA (Oeganda - Uganda) The Bafumbira (Banyanrwanda) of Uganda BAGA (Guinee) H+K Gallery - About the Baga Tribe - An enormous head with beak nose and horseshoe ears (typical of the work of west Atlantic tribes), the whole heavily scarified, is cantilevered on a long neck. The huge breasts are carved in one with the shoulders and it is worn on the head of the dancer, whose body is hidden under a raffia costume, so that the head and breasts are all that is visible of the carving Baga Information BAGANDA (Oeganda - Uganda, Buganda) The Baganda of Uganda Meet the Baganda of Buganda Baganda The Baganda BAGAUDEN (Europa - Europe) Geografie - A - Bagauden BAGGARA (Nigeria) Prayer Profile: The Baggara See also: Baggara (Shuwa Arab) (Kameroen - Cameroon) BAGISU (Oeganda - Uganda) The Bagisu of Uganda The Bagisu BAGRI (India) The Bagri of India See also: Peoples of India BAGULALS BAGULAR (Rusland - Russia, Dagestan - Kaukasus - Caucasia)

4. FPP Web Page2 a participatory project on indigenous peoples and Protected Areas in africa andresearching and institutions (Languages English, French, bambara). http://forestpeoples.gn.apc.org/FPP/fpp_ann_rep_2001.htm

ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2001 Report to Funders Forest Peoples Programme 1c Fosseway Business Centre, Stratford Road, Moreton-in-Marsh, GL56 9NQ, England Tel: + 44 1608 652 893 Fax: + 44 1608 652 878 Email: info@fppwrm.gn.apc.org Registered in the Netherlands as a non-profit organisation as Stichting Forest Peoples Programme The Northern Office of the World Rainforest Movement What is the Forest Peoples Programme? The Forest Peoples Programme exists to support the response of forest peoples to the global forest crisis. It aims to secure the rights of peoples, who live in the forests and depend on them for their livelihoods, to control their lands and destinies. The programme seeks to create political space for forest peoples to exercise their right to self-determination and to practise sustainable forest management. The Programme has five main goals: to support an effective global movement of forest peoples. to promote coordinated action on forests by NGOs of North and South in line with forest peoples’ visions and concerns. to promote the rights and interests of forest peoples in international forest policy and human rights fora.

5. Tribes Of The Niger bambara a Mandespeaking people of Mali. century, established kingdoms by the conquestof indigenous peoples. Hausa traders are found throughout West africa. http://schools.4j.lane.edu/spencerbutte/StudentProjects/Rivers/tribe.html

Tribes of the Niger River BAMBARA : a Mande-speaking people of Mali. Today sedentary farmers, they are divided inti many small chiefdoms, and known for their elaborate cosmology and religion. Earlier they had founded two important states at Seguo, on the Niger. Population 1.2 million. EDO : a Kwa-speaking people of southern Nigeria, the population of the kingdom of Benin; whose political and religious ruler, the , lives in Benin City. The ruling dynasty is historically closely linked with the Yoruba. They are famed for they carving, metal-casting and other arts. Population 1.3 million. FULANI ( FULBE, PEUL) : a people speaking a West Atlantic language, dispersed across the Sahel zone of West Africa from Senegal to Cameroon. They are predominantly Muslim, and coprise both transhumant cattle keepers and also sedentaery agricultural groups. Both are typically minority elements living among other peoples. The pastoralist groups are egalitarian, the sedentary ones having chiefs in some areas, such as northern Nigeria, where they overthrew the Hausa rulers of existing states in the early 19th century, established kingdoms by the conquest of indigenous peoples. population 7 million HAUSA : a Chadic-speaking people of Nigeria and Niger. They are intensive farmers

6. Probert Encyclopaedia: People And Peoples (B-Bd) The Probert Encyclopaedia People and peoples (BBd) Traduisez The bambara are a Negroidpeople of west africa The Banyarwanda are an indigenous people of Rwanda http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/C2.HTM

Browse: General Information Actors People Gazetteer ... Dictionary People and Peoples (B-Bd) B. GRATZ BROWN B Gratz Brown was an American politician. He was a Liberal Republican governor of Missouri from 1871 until 1873. B. K. HENAGAN B K Henagan was an American politician. He was a Democratic governor of South Carolina during 1840. BABER Baber was the founder of the Mogul dynasty which ruled northern India for 300 years. He was born in 1483, dying in 1530. BABI The Babi are a Persian religious sect formed in 1843 by Bab Ed Din BABUR Babur was the first Mogul Emperor of India . He was born in 1483 at Ferghana, Central Asia and died in 1530. He was born into a princely family of mixed Mongol and Turkish blood . Failure to recover his father's lands caused him to turn reluctantly south-east, for India seemed to present the last hope for his ambitions. Defeat of Ibrahim Lodi , the Afghan ruler of Delhi , at the battle of Panipat in 1526 initiated 200 years of strong Mogul rule in India. Having conquered much of northern India, Babur ruled by force, lacking any civil administration. In addition to his military genius, he possessed a love of learning and wrote his own memoirs. BADEN-POWELL See " Robert Baden-Powell BAGANDA The Baganda are a group of settled farmers in Uganda . They constituted a kingdom in the 19th century, in which the king was seen as the supreme ruler who exercised his

7. Untitled Mexico indigenous peoples Guatemala indigenous peoples Honduras indigenous peoples Mali (Mandinka + bambara + Diola) Senegal (Fulbe Malawi South africa Namibia Lesotho Botswana http://weber.ucsd.edu/~proeder/elf.xls

<�pv@ý <� I¾ <�~ =€v@ý = J½= 4@Ð?=Tã¥›Ä Ð?=8´Èv¾ŸÊ? =~ >Àv@ý > K¾ >>Zd;ßOÕ? >~ ?Ðv@ý ? L½? €O@ ÀP@?òÒMbXå?? ?@þÿÿÿBCDEFGHþÿÿÿýÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿRoot Entry ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÀF°ýU@Á þÿÿÿWorkbook ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ

8. Ceratopsian Of Central Africa horned creature along the west coast of central africa. indigenous peoples near LakeEdward in Zaire, call this its head. In Mali the bambara people sculpture http://www.genesispark.org/genpark/africa/africa.htm

CERATOPSIAN OF CENTRAL AFRICA There are numerous reports of a strange, horned creature along the west coast of central Africa. French zoologist Bernard Heuvelmans discusses some of them in his 1959 book On the Track of Unknown Animals under the category of "water elephant" and "forest rhinoceros." In December, 1919, the London Daily Mail published a letter from C.G. James, who had lived in what is now Zambia. He reported on an enormous beast with a single ivory horn living in the waters of Lakes Bangweulu and the surrounding lakes and swamps. James said this animal was called "Chipekwe" by the natives. The same creature is also mentioned in both Millais’ 1924 book Far Away Up the Nile , and Hughes’ 1933 volume Eighteen Years on Lake Bangweulu . The latter describes Wa-Ushi tribesmen actually killing such a creature along the Luapula River that leads to Lake Bangweulu. They detailed how its smooth body was armed with a single horn fixed like that of a rhinoceros, but composed of smooth white, highly-polished ivory. Indigenous peoples near Lake Edward in Zaire, call this same creature "Irizima" and refer to it as a "gigantic hippopotamus with the horns of a rhinoceros on its head." In Mali the Bambara people sculpture iron figurines of a three-horned creature with long points coming off the neck much like the ceratopsian dinosaur Chasmosaurus. In Cameroon the Baka pygmies identify pictures of a Triceratops with an animal they call the Ngoubu. They report it being big as an ox, possessing a neck frill, and sporting from one to four horns. Apparently the mature male has the largest frill. Perhaps this is the same species as the Emela-ntouka in the Congo and the observers there merely saw the single-horned variety or younger creatures. The Ngoubu is said to inhabit the savannas along the Boumba and Sanga river where it is known to fight with elephants.

9. Ceratopsian Of Central Africa CERATOPSIAN OF CENTRAL africa. There are numerous reports of a highlypolished ivory. indigenous peoples near Lake Edward in In Mali the bambara people sculpture iron figurines of http://www.genesispark.com/genpark/africa/africa.htm

CERATOPSIAN OF CENTRAL AFRICA There are numerous reports of a strange, horned creature along the west coast of central Africa. French zoologist Bernard Heuvelmans discusses some of them in his 1959 book On the Track of Unknown Animals under the category of "water elephant" and "forest rhinoceros." In December, 1919, the London Daily Mail published a letter from C.G. James, who had lived in what is now Zambia. He reported on an enormous beast with a single ivory horn living in the waters of Lakes Bangweulu and the surrounding lakes and swamps. James said this animal was called "Chipekwe" by the natives. The same creature is also mentioned in both Millais’ 1924 book Far Away Up the Nile , and Hughes’ 1933 volume Eighteen Years on Lake Bangweulu . The latter describes Wa-Ushi tribesmen actually killing such a creature along the Luapula River that leads to Lake Bangweulu. They detailed how its smooth body was armed with a single horn fixed like that of a rhinoceros, but composed of smooth white, highly-polished ivory. Indigenous peoples near Lake Edward in Zaire, call this same creature "Irizima" and refer to it as a "gigantic hippopotamus with the horns of a rhinoceros on its head." In Mali the Bambara people sculpture iron figurines of a three-horned creature with long points coming off the neck much like the ceratopsian dinosaur Chasmosaurus. In Cameroon the Baka pygmies identify pictures of a Triceratops with an animal they call the Ngoubu. They report it being big as an ox, possessing a neck frill, and sporting from one to four horns. Apparently the mature male has the largest frill. Perhaps this is the same species as the Emela-ntouka in the Congo and the observers there merely saw the single-horned variety or younger creatures. The Ngoubu is said to inhabit the savannas along the Boumba and Sanga river where it is known to fight with elephants.

10. Mali: Educational Resources economic bases emerged, and new bambara civilization was overview of the geographyand indigenous peoples of the of the opulence of West africa during Middle http://www.vmfa.state.va.us/mali_ed_res1.html

Educational Resources T his first section of video, film, and slides are available to educational partners of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts' Office of Statewide Partnerships Africa Africa-2 Volume 2: Caravans of Gold 57 minutes/color/1984/FI/VHS Middle school through adult Series host Basil Davidson traces the routes of the medieval gold trade, which reached from Africa to India, China, and the city-states of Italy. African kings grew rich and powerful as a result. This episode traces the African gold trade from its beginning in the early Middle Ages through its end in late fifteenth century. African Carving: A Dogon Kanaga Mask AT-19 19 minutes/color/1975/PFI/16mm, VHS Middle school through adult This film documents the process that a Dogon carver uses to create a Kanaga mask. The carver must find a proper Tagoda tree from which to make the mask; he must also pray and make offerings to the tree-spirit in order to be allowed to use the sacred wood. The Kanaga mask that he makes is one of the most characteristic emblems of Mali and it will be used in sacred ceremonies of the Dogon people. African Sculpture from Private Collections PS-29 42 slides / color / script This kit shows examples of 19th century art from the private collections of Merton Simpson and Peter Pollack. The works illustrate the interrelationship of symbol, function, and style in African art. African sculpture expresses the values and attitudes of the society from which it came, and this fact is developed in the script that accompanies this slide kit.

11. Mali: Afropop Country -- West Africa, Berber Music, Wassoulou, Griot Music, Afri Bobo, Dogon, Tamascheck, Soninke, Songhoi, Tuareg and other peoples. of griot musicand other indigenous Malian sounds sound of the south, to bambara, Bobo and http://www.afropop.org/explore/country_info/ID/2/Mali/

@import "/afp_main.css"; /* ie */ Home Radio Explore Community ... Back to Country Page Mali History runs deep in Mali. In the 13th century, long before French colonizers arrived, the peaceful and productive Malian Empire spread through much of today's West Africa, far beyond the country's present borders. Many different ethnic groups came together under a visionary Manding king, Sunjata Keita, to control the trans-Saharan trade of salt and gold. The empire enjoyed two centuries of peace and glory, and that golden era lives on today in songs and stories. Contemporary Mali is far poorer and more challenged than the Empire at its height, or indeed than the Songhai and Bambara kingdoms that followed Mali and preceded the French colonial era. The Manding now rub shoulders and share scant resources with Fulani (Peul), Bambara, Bobo, Dogon, Tamascheck, Soninke, Songhoi, Tuareg and other peoples. But recalling the inclusive vision of Sunjata, Malians mostly get along and show a respect for cultural diversity unusual in modern Africa. Today, Mali can boast a dazzling variety of ethnic music fusions styles, from the hunter-derived Wassoulou sound of the south, to Bambara, Bobo and Senufo pop from the east, to the other-worldly northern styles, epitomized in the music of Ali Farka Toure. In part because most of these ethnic styles use five-note (pentatonic) scales, listeners find in them clear links to American blues. This is a complex and mysterious subject as full of surprising twists and turns as Mali's seemingly endless stream of pentatonic music styles.

12. African Studies — BU 2002/2003 Undergraduate Bulletin CAS AN 312 peoples and Cultures of africa. CAS LD 214 FourthSemester Mandinka/bambara.Swahili. Religion. CAS RN 414 indigenous Religions of West africa. http://www.bu.edu/bulletins/und/item13d2.html

African Studies Minor Concentration in African Languages and Literatures Minor Concentration in African Studies (0305) Director James McCann African Studies Center TOP OF PAGE Minor Concentration in African Languages and Literatures The African languages and literatures minor concentration combines language and linguistic study with the study of written literature and oral traditions in the African context. In-depth knowledge of an African language of the student's choosing is applied in courses in cultural and linguistic anthropology, sociology of language, language in government and education, literature, and folklore and oral traditions. This minor concentration is made up of required and elective courses from the Department of Modern Foreign Languages and Literatures, as well as elective courses from other College of Arts and Sciences departments. Required Courses One year of 300-level study of an African language (two courses) is required together with the following two courses: CAS LL 280 Introduction to the Literatures of Africa (in English translation) CAS LL 453 Form and Function in African Oral Literature If either CAS LL 280 or LL 453 is not offered in a given year, an acceptable alternative may be selected in consultation with the student's advisor.

13. An A-Z Of African Studies On The Internet Nr3 african Languages featured Anywa Arabic bambara Bantu Languages Reading—South africa. humanrights and cultural autonomy of indigenous peoples and oppressed http://www.lib.msu.edu/limb/a-z/az_nr3.html

An A-Z of African Studies on the Internet Part N-R3 Publishers-Refugees Back to: A-Z of African Studies by Peter Limb [comprehensive lists] http://www.hanszell.co.uk/aplink.htm http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/publish.html http://www.library.vanderbilt.edu/law/acqs/ Academy Science Publishers http://www.oneworld.org/aas/ Adalens Antikvariat (Sweden) antiquarian http://www.angelfire.com/pa/AdalensAntikvariat/afrika.html Adam Matthew Publications (microfilm collections, African studies) http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/ Adams Bookshop (University of Natal, Durban) http://durbanet.aztec.co.za/adamsbooks/index.htm Africa Institute of South Africa (Pretoria) http://www.ai.org.za/ Africa World Press and The Red Sea Press http://www.africanworld.com AfricaWPress@nyo.com African Academy of Sciences asp@arcc.or.ke http://www.oneworld.org/aas/ http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Hornet/alex1.html African Book Centre (London) africabooks@dial.pipex.com African Book Store/Struik Books http://www.twooceans.co.za/Bookshop/

14. Global Advisor Newsletter -The Languages And Writing Systems Of Africa language, but most of the population speaks bambara, Latin. Yoruba, Ibo and a numberof indigenous languages are in the south and Voltaicspeaking peoples in the http://www.intersolinc.com/newsletters/africa.htm

Global Advisor Newsletter Return to Newsletter Archives T he Languages and Writing Systems of Africa Country Language Script Algeria, Al Djazair, Algérie, (Democratic and Popular Republic of) Arabic, French and a Berber language. Arabic, Latin, Berber Angola, (Republic of) Portuguese is the official language, but a Bantu language is widely spoken. Latin, Bantu Benin, former kingdom, situated in present-day SW Nigeria French and Fon Latin, Fon Botswana, ( Republic of) English is the official language, but the population is mainly Tswana, who speak a Bantu language. Latin, Bantu Burkina Faso or Burkina, formerly Upper Volta French is the official language. Latin Burundi, Republic of Official languages are French and Kurundi (a Bantu language) Swahili is also spoken Latin, Bantu Cameroon (Cameroun) (Republic of) French and English are the official languages. Latin Central African Republic (Republique Centrafricaine) French is the official language, but Sango is the medium of communication among people who speak different languages. Latin Chad

15. The Americas - At The Edge strangers to the indigenous peoples of the glaciercarved Muslims from Spain andWest africa arrived in Cognate Mayan and Malinke-bambara Terms; Illustrated http://www.hist.unt.edu/09w-ar7k.htm

The Americas - at the Edge North America Click Epigraphy Forum to subscripe to Epigraphy-L - "discusion of epigraphy, Skeptical Archaeologist Front Door America's Stonehenge "America's Stonehenge is one of the largest and possibly the oldest megalithic (stone-constructed) sites in North America. It has long presented a complicated and intriguing puzzle to archeologists, astronomers, and historians, and presently serves as a leisurely, educational tour for the whole family." Abstract: THE ALGONQUIN LANGUAGE, which anthropologists have shown genetically related to the Old World, cannot predate sea transmission, although Algonquin ethnic stock may. Many tribes and cultures confederated by way of Algonquin as a ritual language and trade koine, which was not adopted or imposed until the Iron Age. Egyptian, basic to the transatlantic stratum, cannot derive from migration of Egyptians but from other nationalities adhering to Egyptian religion. Tongues creaolized in this stratum (before Norse

16. Cultural Studies Essays Indian Culture and Globalization. indigenous peoples of Venezuela. Status ofWomen in the Middle East and North africa. The bambara of Mali, West africa. http://www.essays-now.com/show_cat.php?catid=91

17. Films & Video Recordings On AFRICA Cisse An adaptation of a bambara oral epic communism, apartheid in South africa, discriminationin movement and the associations of indigenous peoples who seek http://www.info.library.yorku.ca/depts/smil/filmographies/africa.htm

AFRICA Last updated October 2001 The films and videorecordings listed below are owned by York University Libraries and available for academic use by the York University community. Requests for these materials can be made in writing, by telephone, or in person to the 125 Scott Library York University 4700 Keele Street North York, Ontario M3J 1P3 E-Mail: imagelib@yorku.ca Telephone:416-736-2100 ext.33324 Fax:416-736-5838 Fall/Winter Hours: Summer Hours: Please note the following abbreviations: MP : 16mm film VC : VHS videotape VC 3/4 : 3/4" videotape Table of Contents General Algeria Angola Benin ... Zimbabwe GENERAL AFRICA SERIES 52 min. each 1984 RM Arts Prod. 1. DIFFERENT BUT EQUAL VC #1206 and #4494 Traces the early history of the continent noting that some of the world's greatest prehistoric civilizations had their origins in Africa. 2. MASTERING A CONTINENT VC #1207 and #4494 Examines how African farmers created a viable way of life in an often hostile environment. 3. CARAVANS OF GOLD

18. Courses In Africana Studies on subSaharan africa, the development of indigenous states and A Ant 342) Sub-Saharanafrica peoples and Cultures one work by Toni Cade bambara, Gloria Naylor http://www.albany.edu/undergraduate_bulletin/courses/a_aas.html

Courses A Aas 110 (= A Thr 110) The Black Theatre in America (3) Study of the historic background of Black involvement in the American theatre and of the role and functioning of the Black theatre in Contemporary American society. Only one of A Aas 110 and A Thr 110 may be taken for credit. A Aas 142L African/African-American Literature (3) Survey of Black authors from diverse cultures and an analysis of their relationship to Black thought. [DP HU] A Aas 150 Life in the Third World (3) Introduction to cultural variation and fragmentation among third-world developing communities. Some lectures and discussions are led by third-world graduate students. Whenever possible, distinguished visitors from third-world countries are also involved in the course. A Aas 209 (= A Mus 209) Black American Music (3) An introduction to Black American Music. Study will include music from West Africa as well as musical/social influences throughout American history. Musical styles will include spirituals, gospel, blues, jazz and classical. A Aas 213 History of Civil Rights Movement (3) This course is designed to introduce the student to the historical development and maturation of the movement for civil rights in the United States. It will examine the development of resistance movements and the philosophies of those involved within the movements during the antebellum, Post Civil war and contemporary times. [DP US*]

19. Creator Displays Eclectic Dance Form - February 22, 2000 of dance forms in Continental africa and the West african dances, including theMandinka and bambara. of africans and other indigenous peoples, is sacred http://wildcat.arizona.edu/papers/93/103/10_1_m.html

classifieds news sports opinions ... discussion Search ARCHIVES CONTACT US WORLD NEWS Creator displays eclectic dance form By Rebecca Missel Arizona Daily Wildcat, February 22, 2000 Talk about this story The creator of Pan-African dance will give a lecture and performance on his art on Wednesday in the Education building. Eno Washington, who created the discipline 30 years ago, will make his first visit to the University of Arizona campus with a talk on "Pan-African Dance in the 21st Century" in the Kiva Auditorium at 4 p.m. "Pan-African dance is a concept that I came up with in the mid-70s," Washington said. "By 1977 it was used as a curriculum at the University of Massachusetts." Unlike other dance forms with well-defined roots such as ballet, Pan-African dance draws on many diverse influences. "It's a combination of dance forms in Continental Africa and the African Diaspora, including Jamaica, Cuba, Haiti, Brazil and the United States," Washington said. "Dance and music came together in the United States - blues, jazz, funk, fusion and mambo." Washington said that psychological components have also been incorporated into the work.

20. God's Bits Of Wood - Les Bouts De Bois De Dieu will soon have to learn Ouolof or bambara in order of Darkness, despite being setin africa, africans serve the manner in which the indigenous peoples in their http://www.wmich.edu/dialogues/texts/godsbitsofwood.htm

God's Bits of Wood/ Les bouts de bois de Dieu Dialogues Notes Links Teaching ... Citations Sembene Ousmane's third novel, God's Bits of Wood , was originally written and published in French as Les Bouts de bois de Dieu . The novel is set in pre-independence Senegal and follows the struggles of the African trainworkers in three cities as they go on strike against their French employers in an effort for equal benefits and compensation. The chapters of the book shift between the cities of Bamako Thies , and Dakar and track the actions and growth of the men and women whose lives are transformed by the strike. Rather than number the chapters, Ousmane has labeled them by the city in which they take place, and the character who is the focal point of that chapter. As the strike progresses, the French management decides to "starve out" the striking workers by cutting off local access to water and applying pressure on local merchants to prevent those shop owners from selling food on credit to the striking families. The men who once acted as providers for their family, now rely on their wives to scrape together enough food in order to feed the families. The new, more obvious reliance on women as providers begins to embolden the women. Since the women now suffer along with their striking husbands, the wives soon see themselves as active strikers as well.

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