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What is an appropriate theoretical approach to criminology in the "Third World"? This book makes an argument for cultural specificity and the development of a cultural criminology appropriate to a particular country. It contains original criminological studies that apply these notions to Papua New Guinea, where law and order problems are rife, especially gang violence. A major strength of the volume is the inter-disciplinary authorship which include Stanley Cohen, Marilyn Strathern, Cyndi Banks, Sinclair Dineen, Henry Ivarature, Adam Reed, Karen Sykes, Richard Sikani, and Tony Crook. These distinguished criminologists and anthropologists contribute studies of crime and social issues in Papua New Guinea based on their original research.The book has chapters on: The Melanesian conception and meaning of violence Street begging in Port Moresby Drug control Raskol (criminal) gangs, education and the "problem" of youth The prison experience for a Melanesian Dispute settlement between mining companies and villagers State responses to violence through the criminal justice system and informal approaches to the resolution of crime, including the surrender of criminal gangs The collection emphasises that "Third World" criminology has been marginalised by being subsumed in the Western discourse on crime. As Professor Stanley Cohen writes in the preface, "it is a measure of the continuing ethnocentricity of western-dominated criminology that a volume of this sort, under this title, is still necessary." ... Read more

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Chapters: Kokoda Track. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 50. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: The Kokoda Trail or Track is a single-file foot thoroughfare that runs 96 kilometres (60 mi) overland 60 kilometres (37 mi) in a straight line through the Owen Stanley Range in Papua New Guinea. The track is the most famous in Papua New Guinea and is renowned as the location of the World War II battle between Japanese and Australian forces in 1942. The track starts, or ends, at Owers Corner in Central Province, 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of Port Moresby, and then crosses rugged and isolated terrain, which is only passable on foot, to the village of Kokoda in Oro Province. It reaches a height of 2,190 metres (7,185 ft) as it passes around the peak of Mount Bellamy. Hot, humid days with intensely cold nights, torrential rainfall and the risk of endemic tropical diseases such as malaria make it a challenge to walk. Despite the challenge posed it is a popular hike that takes between four and twelve days (depending on fitness). Locals have been known to hike the route in three days. The track was first used by European miners in the 1890s that were to the Yodda Kokoda goldfields. The Diggers also used the track during the time period of July 1942 to January 1943. During the Pacific War of World War II a series of battles, afterwards called the Kokoda Track Campaign, were fought from July 1942 to January 1943 between Japanese and Australian forces. This action was memorialised in the newsreel documentary Kokoda Front Line!, filmed by cameraman Damien Parer, which won Australia's first Academy Award for its director Ken G. Hall in 1942. Crossing Eora Creek on the Kokoda TrackAfter the war the track fell into disuse and disappeared in many places. John Landy, the long-distance runner, set a record...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=765788 ... Read more

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Chapters: Fouta Djallon, Wassoulou, Guinean Mangroves, Guinea Highlands, Tembakounda, Upper Guinea, Lower Guinea, Middle Guinea. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 32. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Fouta Djallon is a highland region in the centre of Guinea, West Africa. The indigenous name is Fuuta-Jaloo (sometimes spelled Fuuta Jalon; Fouta Djallon is a French spelling; in English it is sometimes also written Futa Jalon). The origin of the name is from the Fula word for the region and the name of the original inhabitants, the Jalonke or Djallonké. Fouta Djallon consists mainly of rolling grasslands, at an average elevation of about 900m (3,000ft). The highest point, Mount Loura, rises to 1,515m (4,970ft). The plateau consists of thick sandstone formations which overlie granitic basement rock. Erosion by rain and rivers has carved deep jungle canyons and valleys into the sandstone. It receives a great deal of rainfall, and the headwaters of three major rivers, the Niger River, the Gambia River and the Senegal River, have their sources on it. It is thus sometimes called the watertower (chateau d'eau in French literature) of West Africa. Some authors also refer to Fouta Jallon as the Switzerland of West Africa. The population consists predominantly of Fula or Fulani people (who call themselves Fule and are known in French as Peul). In Fuuta-Jaloo their language is called Pular, which is a dialect of Fula like Pulaar in Senegambia and Fulfulde further east in West Africa, but with some particular characteristics. Also see Kingdom of Fouta Djallon Since the 18th century it has been a stronghold of Islam, when in 1725, the first jihad against the animists was launched. After the battle of Talansan, which was won by the Muslims, the theocratic empire of Futa Jallon was founded under on...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1364993 ... Read more

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Chapters: Guinean Mangroves, São Domingos, Bula, Cacine, Prabis, Caio, Safim, Bedanda, Bigene, Tite, Empada, Canghungo, Pirada, Mansaba, Piche, Sonaco, Soncao. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 46. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: This article describes the geography of Guinea-Bissau. The climate in Guinea-Bissau is tropical. This means it is generally hot and humid. It has a monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds and a dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds. Guinea-Bissau is warm all year around and there is little temperature fluctuation; it averages 26.3 °C (79.3 °F). The average rainfall for Bissau is 2,024 millimetres (79.7 in) although this is almost entirely accounted for during the rainy season which falls between June and September/October. From December through April, the country experiences drought. The terrain of Guinea-Bissau is mostly low coastal plain with swamps of Guinean mangroves rising to Guinean forest-savanna mosaic in the east. The lowest point on Guinea-Bissau is at sea level at the Atlantic Ocean . The highest point on Guinea-Bissau is 300 metres above sea level at an unnamed location in the northeast corner of the country . Natural resources found in Guinea-Bissau include fish, timber, phosphates, bauxite, clay, granite, limestone and unexploited deposits of petroleum . 8.31% of the land is arable and 250 square kilometres is irrigated. Natural hazards include a hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze that may reduce visibility during the dry season and brush fires . Severe environmental issues include deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing and overfishing . Near the Senegal border there have been historic sightings of the Painted Hunting Dog, Lycaon pictus, but that endangered canid may now be extirpated in...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=12188 ... Read more

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Chapters: Malabo, Spanish Guinea, List of Cities in Equatorial Guinea, San Antonio de Palé, Luba, Equatorial Guinea, Mongomo, Cocobeach, Ebebiyín, Cogo, Equatorial Guinea, Evinayong, Mbini, Rebola, Moca, Equatorial Guinea, Bolondo, Mengomeyén, Bight of Bonny, Malabo International Airport, Cameroon Line, Río Muni, Black Beach, Elobey, Annobón and Corisco, Acalayong, Bata Airport, Nsemensoc, Abaamang, Pico Basilé, Provinces of Equatorial Guinea, Acurenam, Aconibe, Litoral Province, Mount Cameroon and Bioko Montane Forests, Acoacán, Centro Sur Province, Kié-Ntem Province, Bioko Norte Province, Bioko Sur Province, Wele-Nzas Province, Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico, Komo River, Benito River, Islote Horacio. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 102. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Malabo -The city was first founded by the British in 1827, who leased the island from Spain during the colonial period. Named Port Clarence, it was used as a naval station in the effort to suppress the slave trade. Many newly freed slaves were also settled there, prior to the establishment of Liberia as a colony for freed slaves. While many of them later relocated to Sierra Leone, some of their descendants, called Fernandinos, can still be found in Malabo and the surrounding area, where they constitute a distinct ethnic group, speaking their own Afro-Portuguese pidgin dialect. When the island reverted to complete Spanish control, Malabo was renamed Santa Isabel. It was chosen to replace the mainland town of Bata as the capital of the country in 1969, and was renamed Malabo in 1973 as part of President Francisco Macías Nguema's campaign to replace European place names with "authentic" African ones. During his "reign of terror," Macías Nguema led a near-genocide of the country's Bubi minority, which formed the majorit...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=48823 ... Read more

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Chapters: Kouroussa Prefecture, Kissidougou, Kankan, Macenta, Nzérékoré Prefecture, Fria, Kindia, Guéckédougou, Mamou, Dabola, Siguiri, Koure, Guinea, Labé, Matakong, Tougué, Yomou, Port Kamsar, Dalaba, Kalia, Faranah, Forécariah, Mandiana, Dubréka, Pita, Guinea, Lola, Guinea, Sangarédi, Dinguiraye, Télimélé, Mali, Guinea, Keniera, Cisséla, Beyla, Guinea, Coyah, Boffa, Youkounkoun, Koundara, Lélouma, Sanguéya, Madina Woula, Gaoual, Kérouané, Koubia, Bambafouga, Mali Prefecture, Guéckédou Prefecture, Dinguiraye Prefecture, Koubia Prefecture, Timbo, Labé Prefecture, Lélouma Prefecture, Siguiri Prefecture, Tanéné, Boké, Boké Prefecture, Mamou Prefecture, Kissidougou Prefecture, Pita Prefecture, Macenta Prefecture, Télimélé Prefecture, Beyla Prefecture, Yomou Prefecture, Kankan Prefecture, Gaoual Prefecture, Mandiana Prefecture, Dalaba Prefecture, Koundara Prefecture, Forécariah Prefecture, Faranah Prefecture, Kérouané Prefecture, Lola Prefecture, Dabola Prefecture, Lansanya, Tougué Prefecture, Kindia Prefecture, Koulé, Yalenzou, Diéké, Dubréka Prefecture, Boffa Prefecture, Tokounou, Fria Prefecture, Coyah Prefecture, Kaloum, Marela, Mount Richard-Molard, Sinta, Bossou, Ouéndé-Kénéma, Sérédou, Panziazou, Soulouta, Yendé-Millimou, Sansalé, Hérémakonon, Daramagnaky, Termessadou-Dibo, Thionthian, Bourouwal, Gougoudjé, Sarékaly, Bounouma, Kobéla, Téguéréya, Samoé, Fangamadou, Gbérédou-Baranama, Guendembou, Kollet, Télimélé, Santou, Guéassou, Kébali, Kassadou, Kégnéko, Koundou, Sélouma, Bolodou, Nongoa, Tekoulo, Hérico, N'zébéla, Kolenté, Péla, Missira, Kindia, Daro, Guinea, Vassérédou, Djountou, Kokota, Fassankoni, Fermessadou-Pombo, Konsotamy, Koropara, Samana, Guinea, Sinko, Komola-Koura, Nionsomoridou, Diara-Guerela, Koba, Kindia, Linko, Guinea, Tarihoye, Matakaou, Sogolon, Binikala, Fello-Koundoua, Kouankan, Ourémai, Tyanguel-Bori, Kalinko, Guinea, Kankalabé, Missira, Labé, Palé, Balizia, Kounsankoro, Koyamah, Lébékére, Maléa, ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=2822916 ... Read more

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Chapters: Goodenough Island, Dampier Strait, Jacksons International Airport, Western Highlands Province, Lae Nadzab Airport, Girua Airport, Ok Tedi River, Sandaun Province, Louisiade Archipelago, East Sepik Province, Central Province, Bismarck Sea, Momote Airport, Gurney Airport, East New Britain Province, Finschhafen Airport, Oro Province, Cape Gloucester Airport, Lake Murray, Pocklington Reef, Gusap Airport, Purari River, Strickland River, Solomon Sea, Rabaul Caldera, Territory of Papua and New Guinea, Lae Airfield, Yule Island, Wabag, Alotau, Goroka, Hansa Bay, Saidor Airport, Billy Mitchell, Mount Suckling, New Hanover Island, Angoram, Markham River, Mailu Island, Long Island, Normanby Island, Ritter Island, Territory of New Guinea, Tsili Tsili Airfield, Madang Airport, Daru Island, Finschhafen District, Gulf Province, Karkar Island, Fergusson Island, Mount Hagen, Misima Island, Ulawun, Rossel Island, Garbuna Group, Duke of York Islands, Emirau Island, Ghost Mountain, Woodlark Island, Kokoda, Oro Bay Airfield, Salamaua, Bagana, Kiunga, Papua New Guinea, Daulo District, Birim River, Tari, Papua New Guinea, Shaggy Ridge, Kiunga-Tabubil Highway, Vanimo, Tabar Group, Mount Balbi, Umboi Island, Vanatinai, Awaba Airport, Cape St. George, Balimo Airport, Mount Albert Edward, Papua New Guinea, Baimuru Airport, Morobe, Papua New Guinea, Dobu Island, Ambitle, Boluminski Highway, Simpson Harbour, Langila, Kimbe Bay, Sanaroa Island, Popondetta, Torricelli Mountains, Kainantu, Mount Fubilan, Kokopo, Kavieng Airport, Losuia Airport, Bola, Saruwaged Range, Blup Blup, Wanigela, Sio, Papua New Guinea, Goroka Airport, Telefomin, Agaiambo, Kikori, Konedobu, Papua New Guinea, Kieta, Tanga Islands, Tufi, Kuk Swamp, Bismarck Range, Lido, Papua New Guinea, Atea Cave, Swinger Bay, Mount Hagen Airport, Cape Torokina, Schouten Islands, Chimbu River, Daru Airport, Ningerum, Namatanai, Soputa, Papua New Guinea, Empress Augusta Bay, Krisa, Mendi, W...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=2443582 ... Read more

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Harvesting Development is a sophisticated and authoritative analysis of the transition from a subsistence to a market economy in the Papua New Guinea fresh food trade. Drawing upon actor-oriented and social constructivist concepts, Karl Benediktsson skillfully builds a systematic framework for analysis around three critical issues: the social embeddedness of markets, the uneven historical and spatial configuration of commoditization processes, and the key role played by social actors and organizing practices in the shaping of global/local change.
In so doing, he demonstrates the central importance of "social agency" in the creation of markets of various types, in the changing meanings accorded to exchange transactions, and in the development of social networks and power constellations.
Harvesting Development skillfully and inventively interweaves theoretical constructs with a detailed ethnography of marketing networks in the rural village and the urban marketplace, as well as in the "spaces in between."
Benediktsson shows the rural community not as an isolated universe but as one consisting of dynamic linkages and networks that extend far beyond the locality. At the same time, he demonstrates the crucial importance of local actors--with their own agendas and interpretations of the metanarrative of "development"--in shaping the outcome of the market integration process.
This work tackles processes and problems that few ethnographers have made their central concern and so will be essential reading for Melanesianists. It will also be of obvious relevance to geographers, anthropologists, sociologists, economists, and anyone dealing with development issues.
Karl Benediktsson is Lecturer in Human and Economic Geography, University of Iceland.
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Chapters: Banda Sea, Frans Kaisiepo Airport, North Maluku, Timika Airport, Sentani Airport, Schouten Islands, Molucca Sea, Ceram Sea, Morotai, Digul, Jayapura, Run, Halmahera Sea, Babar Islands, Ilaga, Baliem Valley, Yamdena, Tanimbar Islands, Yos Sudarso Bay, Nieuwerkerk, Tangguh Gas Field, Batanta, Babullah Airport, Mount Ibu, Dukono, Leti Islands, Mount Gamkonora, Sula Islands, Yapen, Cenderawasih Bay, Sanana Island, Yos Sudarso Island, Trangan, Jayawijaya Mountains, Pattimura Airport, Makian, Puncak Trikora, Mount Nila, Gamalama, Mangole Island, Banda Api, Kisar, Mount Binaiya, Moti Island, Bird's Head Peninsula, Gunungapi Wetar, Mount Manuk, Mopah Airport, Amasing Hill, Mios Woendi, Sorong Airport, Jailolo, Mount Tigalalu, Dumatubin Airport, Rendani Airport, Mount Hiri, Bibinoi Hill, Ombai Strait, Manokwari, Fakfak Airport, Mare Island, Mount Teon, Kaimana Airport, Mios Num, Taliabu, Obira, Bandanaira, Obi Islands, Liran, Wamena, Arfak Mountains, Tanahmerah Bay, Wakde, Asmat Regency, Mount Serua, Maro River, Kofiau, Tobaru, Sorong Regency, Sudirman Range, Misool, Tobelo, Bomberai Peninsula, Merauke Regency, Maoke Mountains, Kai Kecil, Kai Besar, Supiori Island, Sofifi, Salawati, Dampier Strait, Romang, Amboi Islands, Kobroor, Boven Digoel Regency, Saparua, Maikoor, Kuran Islands, Sebakor Bay, Jayawijaya Regency, Komoran, Puncak Jaya Regency, Biak Numfor Regency, Bintang Mountain Regency, Jayapura Regency, Central Mamberamo Regency, Nabire Regency, Mimika Regency, Waropen Regency, Keerom Regency, Sarmi Regency, Paniai Regency, Lanny Jaya Regency, Yapen Islands Regency, Tolikara Regency, Yahukimo Regency, Lucipara Islands, Dogiyai Regency, Supiori Regency, Deiyai Regency, Puncak Regency, Yalimo Regency, Mappi Regency, Intan Jaya Regency, Nduga Regency, Mamberamo Raya Regency, Paperu, Maba, Indonesia, Layoni, Indonesia, Selaru, Gorong Archipelago. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 295. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchas...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=802202 ... Read more

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Chapters: Central African Mangroves, List of Islands of Equatorial Guinea, Río Muni, List of Ecoregions in Equatorial Guinea. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 20. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Geography of Equatorial Guinea -Equatorial Guinea's land boundaries total 539 km. It borders Cameroon (189 km) in the north and Gabon (350 km) in the east and south. Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) territorial sea: 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) The climate of both the continental region and the islands is typically equatorial, with high temperatures, heavy rainfall, and much cloud cover most of the year. Local variations are due to differences in altitude and proximity to the sea. The wet seasons in the continental region are from February to June and from September to December. Rainfall is higher on the coast than inland. In Bata the rainiest months are September, October, and November, with rainfall averaging more than 94 in (2,388 mm) a year. At Calatrava, farther south on the coast, it sometimes reaches 180 in (4,572 mm). Inland, however, rainfall diminishes; Mikomeseng, for example, receives only about 58 in (1,473 mm). The average annual temperature is about 79 °F (26.1 °C) and is fairly constant throughout the year. The temperature maxima are somewhat lower than in Bioko. The relative humidity, however, is higher than in Bioko. Bioko has a rather debilitating climate. The so-called dry season lasts from November to March, and the rest of the year is rainy. The average annual temperature of about 77 °F (25 °C) varies little throughout the year. Afternoon temperatures reach the high 80s °F (low 30s °C) and drop to only about 70 °F (21.1 °C) at night. Most of the time the sky is cloudy and overcast. Extreme rainfall occurs in the south, with rain brou...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=9368 ... Read more

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Chapters: Cacheu, Bissorã, Gabú, Bafatá, Bubaque, Boe, Guinea-Bissau, Canchungo, Catió, Quinhámel, Fulacunda, Mansôa, Quebo, Nhacra, Cumeré, Tombali, Cufar, Osvaldo Vieira International Airport, Orango, Regions of Guinea-Bissau, Bolama Region, Gabú Region, Bafatá Region, Geba River, Biombo Region, Cacheu Region, Quinara Region, Corubal River, Tombali Region, Farim River, São Domingos, Caravela, Uracane, Galinhas, João Viera, Contuboel, Bula, Uno, Formosa, Bambadinca District, Orangozinho, Galomaro, Cacine, Prabis, Caio, Gamamundo, Safim, Pecixe, Xitole, Bedanda, Jeta, Bigene, Roxa, Tite, Empada, Canghungo, Pirada, Carache, Rio de Canjambari, Mansaba, Piche, Sonaco, Soncao, Unhacomo. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 137. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Boe (full name Madina do Boe) is a settlement in the southeastern region of Guinea-Bissau. In this location the independence of Guinea-Bissau was declared on September 24, 1973. Boe served as the Guinea-Bissau de facto capital until 1974, when Portugal offered independence to Portuguese Guinea after the Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, and Bissau was declared the national capital of the newly-independent country. ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1537683 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Focus on Geography, published by Thomson Gale on September 22, 2007. The length of the article is 3544 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Food garden capacity and population growth: a case in Papua New Guinea.
Author: F.L. Bein
Publication: Focus on Geography (Magazine/Journal)
Date: September 22, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 50Issue: 2Page: 28(6)

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The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Gomes Eanes de Zurara (c.1410-1474) was a Portuguese writer appointed to chronicle the life of Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) and the expeditions he sponsored. Zurara's chronicle of the discovery of Guinea appeared in this two-volume English translation in 1896-1899. The editors' preface includes an account of the voyages of exploration along the African coast sponsored by Prince Henry until 1448, together with biographical information about the author. Volume 2 contains chapters 41-97 of the Chronicle. ... Read more