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This digital document is an article from JOPERD--The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, published by American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) on January 1, 2000. The length of the article is 4003 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Putting Theory into Practice: How Cognitive Evaluation Theory Can Help Us Motivate Children in Physical Activity Environments.
Author: James L. Mandigo
Publication: JOPERD--The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (Refereed)
Date: January 1, 2000
Publisher: American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD)
Volume: 71Issue: 1Page: 44

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This digital document is an article from Synthesis/Regeneration, published by WD Press on March 22, 2009. The length of the article is 721 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: A green path through hard times?(Thinking about Shrinking)(economic activity and the environment)(Viewpoint essay)
Author: Stan Cox
Publication: Synthesis/Regeneration (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 22, 2009
Publisher: WD Press
Issue: 49Page: 18(1)

Article Type: Viewpoint essay

Distributed by Gale, a part of Cengage Learning ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Landscape and Urban Planning, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Recognizing the need for consistent, reliable, and efficient methods to collect information about the walking environment, the authors have developed and tested a complete environmental audit methodology-the Pedestrian Environmental Data Scan (PEDS). In this paper, the development of the audit methodology is presented, including the design of the instrument, the creation of training and supporting materials, administration, and integration with handheld technology. Various tests of inter- and intra-rater reliability of our instrument have been conducted, including individual audit measures and various approaches to administering the audit. The results indicate high reliability for most measures and confirmed administration procedures. The PEDS audit methodology provides a comprehensive method to evaluate pedestrian environments for academics involved with transportation and physical activity research as well as practitioners seeking to an assessment tool for prioritizing investments. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Health and Place, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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A focus group study was conducted to explore how perceptions of environmental influences on health behaviours pattern across socioeconomic groups in the Netherlands. Participants perceived their spouse's and friend's health behaviour and support as highly important. People from lower socioeconomic backgrounds reported poor neighbourhood aesthetics, safety concerns and poor access to facilities as barriers for being physically active, while easy accessibility to sports facilities was mentioned by high socioeconomic participants. The availability of fruits and vegetables at home was perceived as good by all particpants. Overall, lower socioeconomic groups expressed more price concerns. Possible pathways between socioeconomic status, environmental factors and health behaviours are represented in a framework, and they should be investigated further in longitudinal research. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Health and Place, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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People living in activity-friendly communities (AFCs) are more active but the self-selection influence is unknown. From 4856 respondents we explored mediating variables with expressed desire to live in AFCs. Association with desire to live in AFCs included ages 18-24 years (odds ratio [OR]=1.9), African American (OR=1.9) or Hispanic (OR=1.5), and believing AFCs would support activity-based transportation (OR=2.4). Regular physical activity (PA) was marginally associated with desire to live in AFCs (OR=1.3). These findings suggest that PA may be a significant factor in communities of this style. Strategies for social marketing along with changes to the built environment to increase PA levels are discussed. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Evaluation and Program Planning, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The rate of obesity has been rapidly increasing in many countries. Lack of physical activity is a key component to this increase. Changes in the structure and walkability of cities and towns and increased automation in the work and home environments have led to declining rates of daily energy expenditure. Recently, many states and countries have turned to social-ecological approaches, intervening at the environmental, social and individual level to combat the decline in energy expenditure. While these efforts hold much promise for increasing the levels of physical activity, they present unique challenges to evaluators. Many of these interventions involve a wide variety of channels including mass media, Internet, community events and school-based programs often occurring simultaneously. The size of these programs is also large encompassing cities, states and even nations making finding equivalent comparison groups difficult. With these challenges and the political and social pressures to demonstrate results from these programs, strong process, outcome and impact evaluations are needed. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Health and Place, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Aims: Obesity and physical inactivity are known to be risk factors for many chronic diseases including hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, and cancer. We sought to explore the association between an indicator of transportation data (Vehicle Miles of Travel, VMT) at the county level as it relates to obesity and physical inactivity in California. Methods: Data from the California Health Interview Survey 2001 (CHIS 2001), the US 2000 Census, and the California Department of Transportation were merged to examine ecological correlations between vehicle miles of travel, population density, commute time, and county indicators of obesity and physical inactivity. Obesity was measured by body mass index (BMI). Physical inactivity was based on self-reported behaviors including walking, bicycling, and moderate to vigorous activity. The unit of analysis was the county. Thirty-three counties in California with population size greater than 100,000 persons per county were retained in the analyses. Results: CHIS 2001 statewide obesity prevalence ranged from 11.2% to 28.5% by county. Physical inactivity ranged from 13.4% to 35.7%. Daily vehicle miles of travel ranged from 3.3 million to 183.8 million per county. By rank bivariate correlation, obesity and physical inactivity were significantly associated (p<0.01). Furthermore, by rank analysis of variance, the highest mean rank obesity was associated with the highest rank of VMT (p<0.01). Similar rank patterns were observed between obesity and physical inactivity and commute time. Associations between VMT and physical inactivity were examined but failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusion: This analysis adds to the growing evidence supporting the association between VMT (a measure of automobile transportation) and obesity. An urban design characterized by over dependence on motorized transportation may be related to adverse health effects. ... Read more

Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Health and Place, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Aims: Obesity and physical inactivity are known to be risk factors for many chronic diseases including hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, and cancer. We sought to explore the association between an indicator of transportation data (Vehicle Miles of Travel, VMT) at the county level as it relates to obesity and physical inactivity in California. Methods: Data from the California Health Interview Survey 2001 (CHIS 2001), the US 2000 Census, and the California Department of Transportation were merged to examine ecological correlations between vehicle miles of travel, population density, commute time, and county indicators of obesity and physical inactivity. Obesity was measured by body mass index (BMI). Physical inactivity was based on self-reported behaviors including walking, bicycling, and moderate to vigorous activity. The unit of analysis was the county. Thirty-three counties in California with population size greater than 100,000 persons per county were retained in the analyses. Results: CHIS 2001 statewide obesity prevalence ranged from 11.2% to 28.5% by county. Physical inactivity ranged from 13.4% to 35.7%. Daily vehicle miles of travel ranged from 3.3 million to 183.8 million per county. By rank bivariate correlation, obesity and physical inactivity were significantly associated (p<0.01). Furthermore, by rank analysis of variance, the highest mean rank obesity was associated with the highest rank of VMT (p<0.01). Similar rank patterns were observed between obesity and physical inactivity and commute time. Associations between VMT and physical inactivity were examined but failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusion: This analysis adds to the growing evidence supporting the association between VMT (a measure of automobile transportation) and obesity. An urban design characterized by over dependence on motorized transportation may be related to adverse health effects. ... Read more

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48 games to stimulate learning. Now there's whole range of fun, innovative, and concrete ways to dramatically improve the learning environment of any company. /ITraining Games for the Learning Organization, by James J. Kirk and Lynne D. Kirk, gives you 48 exciting games to helpo employees learn in teams./#./#.put aside old ways of thinking./#./#.become more open with one another./#./#.and better grasp how their company really operates. Filled with popular games such as Motivation Bingo, Smart Acts, Teaching Machine, Bewitching Behaviors, Logo Vision, and Archetypes, this dynamic training tool helps you: Facilitate team learning; Development a Favorable leaarning environment; Expose and change the way employees see the world; Involve everyone in the organization; Demonstrate how to learn; Focused ... Read more

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Updated with nearly forty new selections to reflect the tremendous growth and transformation of scholarly, theological, and activist religious environmentalism, This Sacred Earth Second Edition remains the unparalleled resource for the study of religion's complex relationship to the environment. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Despite their relatively small population, heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) are (in 2005) disproportionate contributors to the emissions inventory for oxides of nitrogen (NO"x) and particulate matter (PM) due to their high individual vehicle emissions rates, lack of engine aftertreatment, and high vehicle miles traveled. Beginning in the early 1990s, heavy-duty engine manufacturers began equipping their engines with electronic sensors and controls and on-board electronic computer modules (ECMs) to manage these systems. These ECMs can collect and store both periodic and lifetime engine operation data for a variety of engine and vehicle parameters including engine speed and load, time at idle, average vehicle speed, etc. The University of California, Riverside (UCR), under a contract with the California Air Resources Board (CARB), performed data analysis of 270 ECM data sets obtained from the CARB. The results from this analysis have provided insights into engine/vehicle operation that have not been obtained from previous on-board datalogger studies since those previous studies focused on vehicle operation and did not collect engine operating data. Results indicate that HDDVs spend a considerable amount of time at high-speed cruise and at idle and that a smaller percentage of time is spent under transient engine/vehicle operation. These results are consistent with other HDDV activity studies, and provide further proof of the validity of assumptions in CARB's emission factor (EMFAC2002) model. An additional important contribution of this paper is that the evaluation of vehicle ECM data provides several advantages over traditional global positioning system (GPS) and datalogger studies: (1) ECM data is significantly cheaper than the traditional method ($50record^-^1 vs. ~$2000record^-^1) and (2) ECM data covers vehicle operation over the entire life of the vehicle, whereas traditional surveys cover only short periods of surveillance (days, weeks, or months). It is worthwhile to note that this work was not intended to compare the various methods of data collection but to provide additional empirical support for the EMFAC2002 model and to explore the utility of this unique low-cost form of data collection and analysis. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Environment International, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Adult male fathead minnow were exposed for 14 or 28-days under flow-through conditions to undiluted filtered water samples from the rivers Meuse and Rhine in the Netherlands. The experiment included two vessels per treatment each containing 10 fish and samples of five fish were taken after 14 and 28 days. Additional groups were exposed to 17@a-ethinylestradiol (EE2) as a reference and untreated drinking water as a negative control. Major endpoints examined included induction of vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis, VTG mRNA activity, hepato- and gonadosomatic indices (HSI and GSI) and gonadal histology. No significant difference was recorded in body weight or mean GSI values between the various treatments. Only exposure to Meuse water resulted in significantly higher HSI means after 14 days. Histological examination showed no apparent effects on gonadal tissue except for eosinophilic blood plasma in fish exposed to Meuse water or EE2. After 14 and 28 days, elevated VTG and VTG mRNA levels were measured in most livers of the fish exposed to Meuse water, but not in the fish exposed to Rhine water. This was confirmed by measuring estrogenic responses in the in vitro ER CALUX(R) assay. Induction of VTG synthesis proved to be the most sensitive endpoint in the Non Spawning Male Fish Assay for in vivo detection of bio-available estrogenic activity supplementary to a sensitive in vitro assay. The other endpoints examined varied too much and required a higher number of fish or replicates to achieve sufficient power for statistical testing making them less animal friendly. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Science of the Total Environment, The, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The catabolic activity of incumbent microorganisms in soil samples of eleven dissimilar soil series was investigated, with respect to the herbicide isoproturon. Soils were collected from a 30x37 km area of river catchment to the north-west of London, England. Catabolic activity in each soil type during a 500 h assay was determined by ^1^4C-radiorespirometry. Results showed four soils that exhibited high levels of catabolic activity (33-44% mineralisation) while the remaining seven soils showed lower levels of catabolic activity (12-16% mineralisation). There was evidence to suggest that soils exhibiting high catabolic activity had low (<22%) clay content and tended towards lower organic carbon content (<2.7%), but that these higher levels of catabolic activity were also related to pre-exposure to isoproturon. The ^1^4C-radiorespirometric results were used to produce a GIS layer representing levels of catabolic activity for the dissimilar soils across the study area. This layer was combined with other GIS layers relating to pesticide attenuation, including soil organic carbon content, depth to groundwater and hydrogeology, to produce a map showing risk of groundwater contamination by isoproturon. The output from this approach was compared with output from an attenuation-only approach and differences appraised. Inclusion of the catabolism layer resulted in a lowering of risk in the model in 15% of the study area. Although there appears to be limited benefit in including pesticide catabolic activity in this regional-scale groundwater risk model, this type of addition could be useful in a site-specific risk assessment. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Atmospheric Environment, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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The kinetics of OH oxidation of several organic compounds of atmospheric relevance were measured in the aqueous phase. Relative kinetics were performed using various organic references and OH sources. After validation of the protocol, temperature-dependent rate constants for the reactions of OH radical with ethyl ter-butyl ether (k"2"9"7"K=1.5(+/-1.7)x10^9M^-^1s^-^1, E"a/R=580 (+/-560)K), n-butyl acetate (k"2"9"7"K=1.8 (+/-0.4)x10^9M^-^1s^-^1, E"a/R=1000 (+/-200)K), acetone (k"2"9"8"K=0.11 (+/-0.05)x10^9M^-^1s^-^1, E"a/R=1400 (+/-500)K), methyl ethyl ketone (k"2"9"8"K=0.81(+/-0.18)x10^9M^-^1s^-^1, E"a/R=1200 (+/-200)K), methyl iso-butyl ketone (k"2"9"8"K=2.1(+/-0.5)x10^9M^-^1s^-^1, E"a/R=1200 (+/-300)K) and methylglyoxal (k"2"9"8"K=0.53(+/-0.04)x10^9M^-^1s^-^1, E"a/R=1100 (+/-300)K) were determined. A non-Arrhenius behavior was found for phenol, in good agreement with the contribution of an OH addition to the mechanism, which also includes H-abstraction by OH radicals. Global rate constants of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde and valeraldehyde were studied at 298K only, as these compounds partly hydrate in the aqueous phase. All the obtained data (except those of phenol) complemented by literature data were used to investigate three methods to estimate rate constants for H-abstraction reactions of OH radicals in aqueous solutions when measured data were not available: Evans-Polanyi-type correlations, comparisons with gas-phase data, structure activity relationships (SAR). The results show that the SAR method is promising; however, the data set is currently too small to extend this method to temperatures other than 298K. The atmospheric impact of aqueous phase OH oxidation of water-soluble organic compounds is discussed with the determination of their global atmospheric lifetimes, taking into account both gas- and aqueous-phase reactivities. The results show that atmospheric droplets can act as powerful photoreactors to eliminate soluble organic compounds from the atmosphere. ... Read more