Geometry.Net - Basic_B: Baboons Primates

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Bloody baboons baboons eat a lot more meat than other primates. Like otherbaboons, this Chacma female have the largest swellings of all primates.
http://www.szgdocent.org/pp/p-baboon.htm

Extractions: Baboons are only found in Africa. They are the best adapted of all monkeys to a terrestrial life, the Hamadryas being the most terrestrial. Baboons live in a wide range of habitats including open habitats. But they require rocky cliffs or tall trees to sleep in at night and access to water. Only a few are forest dwellers, such as the Guinea baboon from West Africa. Baboons eat a wide variety of food, generally whatever is in abundance. Baboons have relatively long thumbs to dextrously pick and prepare food (e.g., peeling, stripping). They prefer fruit, but when this is not available, will eat less nutritious but abundant food. The Yellow baboon is particularly adapted to seeds with unusual chemistry which other creatures find less palatable. During the dry season, grass can make up 90% of their diet, tearing it up in handfuls. They may also dig up tubers and they can survive on roots and bulbs alone. Their long, dog-like jaws have large molars which efficiently grind up such tough food. They also have cheek pouches to stuff food into. This way, they can quickly gather their food, then slowly process it later in a safer and cooler place. Unfortunately, baboons also raid human crops.
NWF - International Wildlife Magazine - Monkeys, Baboons
the plants at harvest time. Neither of these techniques works wellwith primates such as baboons. Fences are no barrier to animals
http://www.nwf.org/internationalwildlife/1998/baboon.html

Extractions: for saving other primates THE PLACE looked like prophesies of nuclear winter: trees with no leaves and withered vegetation so dry that it was not brown but gray. The sunlight, even a few minutes after dawn, made harsh shadows everywhere. Both light and shadows increased relentlessly minute by minute. To make matters worse, there was little water and no sign of rain. This stark landscape might have been fascinating, but I was worried, not captivated. Three troops of olive baboons lived here because of me, strangers in this harsh and unpredictable environment, and I felt responsible for their fate. Their original home, 200 kilometers (125 mi.) away, had dry seasons but nothing this severe. In their old haunts, they had the experience and knowledge they needed to make the best of even the worst times. Here they were part of an unprecedented and quite daringsome even said crazyexperiment. Fourteen years ago, out of necessity, I had moved 132 baboons to this desolate spot. Translocating these animals gave them a chance to stay alive, although, at the time, I didn't know just how much of a chance. I did know that if the experiment succeeded, an important scientific project would be saved, and a new technique might be developed that would help to conserve endangered primates elsewhere.
Xenotransplants At OSU
hundred wildcaught baboons and macaque monkeys between 1994 and 2000. Despiteenormous doses of immunosuppressants, all the higher primates related to
http://home.att.net/~poetwill/xeno_demo.html

Extractions: Discredited research is Transplanted from U.K. to Columbus, Ohio Protect Our Earths Treasures - P.O.E.T. - is holding a companion demonstration in support of a London protest planned by Uncaged Campaigns, a British anti-vivisection organization that has exposed illegal research cruelty and a government cover-up. Background to this demonstration: One year ago on September 21, 2000, coinciding with an award winning exclusive in the (U.K.) Daily Express, Uncaged Campaigns released leaked documents from Imutran Ltd. The Cambridge-based subsidiary was spearheading pig-organ transplant research for Novartis. Transgenic pig hearts and kidneys were stitched into the necks, chests and abdomens of five hundred wild-caught baboons and macaque monkeys between 1994 and 2000. Despite enormous doses of immunosuppressants, all the higher primates related to human beings - died from surgical failures, organ failure, the toxic effects of the drugs and infections. Government advisors now admit that the research was a blind alley and that pig organ transplants are unlikely to ever prove viable. Thousands of pages of leaked documents revealed traumatic and often illegal treatment of the animals utilized in the experiments. They also revealed the publishing of inaccurate and overly optimistic studies about the research, as well as deliberate government cover-ups of mistakes and illegal activity.
Population Biology And Behavior Of Free-Ranging Primates
population biology, morphometrics, behavior Our studies of freeranging primatesare focused research has focused on long-term field studies of baboons in two
http://research.medicine.wustl.edu/ocfr/research.nsf/c517b7f27339413086256797005
SASA 99 Free Paper 7 - Cardiac Anaesthesia For Primates
ANAESTHESIA FOR CARDIAC SURGERY IN primates. Research utilising Chacma baboons(papio ursinus) as experimental animals in the fields of cardiac surgery is
http://www.anaesthetist.com/sasa99/proceed/f7primates.htm

Extractions: ANAESTHESIA FOR CARDIAC SURGERY IN PRIMATES R Auer , T Ruttmann, MFM James, P Zilla Cape Heart Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Univ. of Cape Town, South Africa and Dept. of Anaesthesiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Univ. of Cape Town, South Africa Introduction: Research utilising Chacma Baboons (papio ursinus) as experimental animals in the fields of cardiac surgery is becoming commonplace. The Cape Heart Centre (CHC) has been involved in aortic root replacement in baboons for three years. Anaesthesia for open heart surgery in baboons is challenging because their response to anaesthesia partially resembles that of humans, but is also close to that of dogs in other ways, specifically relating to the autonomic nervous system [1][2]. We describe the technique and problems encountered in performing anaesthesia for cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) in baboons. All procedures were performed in accordance with established humane protocols. Methods: Over a period of two years the technique of administering anaesthesia for CPB in baboons has been refined at our institution. We base our technique of CPB anaesthesia in baboons on the established principles of high opioid, stress free anaesthesia as practised in humans undergoing CPB, in order to achieve a cardio-stable intra-operative course. We monitored autonomic response by means of ECG as well as transduced invasive arterial and central venous pressure cannulae. Results: Of the 43 baboons operated on using this technique, 9 died intra-operatively due to surgical causes. Only 6 baboons died in the 24 hours post-surgery, of which 5 deaths possibly occurred after suffering a cardiac arrhythmia mediated through severe hypokalaemia, and one was related to progressive post-operative cardiac failure.
Female Mate Choice In Primates
Subtle signals In savannah baboons, there is too much sexual dimorphismfor females to refuse the males and exhibit aggression toward them.
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~phyl/anthro/choice.html

Extractions: Our guest lecturer for female mate choice was Rebecca Dowan. She's a doctoral student here at U of Michigan doing her thesis on female mate choice, so she's been studying up on it and reading all about it and everything. Remember Darwin's two components- competition within one sex, like male-male competition, and choice of one sex for the other sex, as in female mate choice. Females invest more in offspring so they have more to lose by making a bad mate choice so you expect them to be more choosy. Females become limiting resource for males. We're going to be talking about female mate choice in primate species who live in social groups with more than one male in it, but we must remember that it also undoubtedly occurs in other types of social groups. In gorillas, for example, a female choosing which male's group to join also makes a mate choice. Note that this is not necessarily a conscious decision; it's just behavior. Imagine some species of fish. Females who are about to spawn swim in shallow water, and will mate with anyone who is there. Males compete to establish territory in the shallow water. So, the bigger guys get the women cause they can edge out the other, smaller fish. Females aren't necessarily consciously choosing the big guys, it's just the way they behave.
Male Coercion In Primates
Femalefemale coalitions against males are not found only in primates. This is commonin baboons 'cause female coalitions aren't too useful when dimorphism is
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~phyl/anthro/coercion.html

Extractions: From a lecture by Barb Smuts Barb Smuts wrote the book on baboon friendships, and she edited our textbook. Now working on male coercion, she first became interested in it when doing her dissertation on friendships in baboons. Although most interactions between males and females were affilitative or neutral, there was some aggression, too. This hadn't even gotten much attention. Males weigh twice as much as females and have huge sharp canines- the biggest, sharpest canines on the african savannah So there is potential for males to inflict serious injury to females. She began to wonder how often aggression took place. She collected data over 2 year period based on focal samples of females who were pregnant or lactating- in other words, not attractive to males. She found that the non-estrous female was attacked once a week. This usually didn't involve biting, but there is always that potential. A female typically got a serious wound once a year- including a slash with canines that will draw blood. A slash is generally not too awful, but it does interfere with foraging and mothering. Only once did she see a fatal attack and she doesn't think the male intended to kill the female. So why are the males attacking the females?
MEET THE CARE BABOONS!
these primates is if it is alive. Then permits which are not given - are needed.Until Rita arrived on the scene, orphaned, injured and confiscated baboons
http://www.ippl.org/care-baboons.htm

Extractions: MEET THE CARE BABOONS! by Gien Elsas On the banks of the Olifants River (Elephant River) in South Africa's Northern Province lives a remarkable woman who started an even more remarkable animal adventure several years ago which has led to the founding of C.A.R.E. (Center for Animal Rehabilitation and Education). Rita Miljo did not always live on the banks of this river in what must be one of the warmest places in South Africa. She was once a career woman who lived and worked in Johannesburg and who literally used to fly places when the mood took her, in her own small aeroplane. On one of her trips to Namibia she met Bobby and her life, as she knew it, changed. Bobby was a young female chacma baboon who was kept at an army base as a mascot. She was in an unhappy state and was not getting the care she deserved. Before she knew it, Rita heard herself say that she would take Bobby and look after her. Bobby came home with Rita who soon realized how intelligent this indigenous primate was. Other people heard of Rita and Bobby and, before she knew it, people were phoning her for advice on how to rear orphaned baboons and several landed on her doorstep for fostering. After observing them and watching how inbred some of their behavior was, Rita soon realized that she would be able to rehabilitate these animals and decided to move to Phalaborwa where the baboons would be closer to nature and would be able to see wild baboons, hippos, elephants, predators, crocodiles and other animals and get used to them as they would be common sights in the wild.
Radio Music And Baboons
environment on nonhuman primates. The purpose of this study was to determine thebehavioral and physiological effects of radio music on singly caged baboons.
http://www.awionline.org/Lab_animals/biblio/jmp25-3.htm

Extractions: The response of four singly caged baboons to radio music was measured using behavioral and physiological Indices. Heart rate and blood pressure. measured through a tether system. as well as behavior, were recorded during a two-week period I n which radio music was available In half of the samples. The behavior of the subjects. as well as their blood pressure. did not vary in relation to radio music. Heart rate was significantly lower when the radio was on. Key words: sound - Papio - environment enrichment Introduction The effect of environmental stimuli on the captive animal has been of great interest to those working with laboratory, zoo, and farm animals. The increased emphasis on environmental enrichment and the relation between environmental factors and an animal's physical and psychological well-being have been studied. particularly in nonhuman primates. Many studies have produced important findings on the impact of social. structural, and feeding variables on captive animals, and how enrichment techniques can be used to increase the subject's well-being [14.21]. However. less information is available on sensory stimulation, such as the effect of different olfactory and auditory environments.
Housing And Handling Of Old World Primates
Cages for nonbrachiating Old World primates, such as macaques, baboons and guenonsshould have the following minimum heights to allow for the proper
http://www.awionline.org/Lab_animals/biblio/oldworld.htm

Extractions: PO Box 3650, Washington, DC 20007 Old World nonhuman primates commonly found in research institutions are distinguished by the following characteristics: Social disposition : Like human primates, nonhuman primates have an inherent need for companionship. Prolonged social deprivation may lead to depression (Figure 1) and gross behavioral disorders such as self-biting and self-clasping. Semi-arboreal lifestyle : All species, even those who spend much of the day on the ground (e.g., baboons, guenons) seek trees or other elevated structures as refuges from predators and as safe resting sites for the night. In the wild, the presence of large trees may be the only limitation for the distribution of primates. A lack of vertical escape routes in situations of danger induces anxiety and fear (the animal is quasi-cornered) manifesting themselves in hyperactivity, depression and/or hyperaggression. Complex living environment : Primates are physiologically and anatomically adapted to live in a complex, dynamic environment which keeps them busy most of the time. A primate who is forced to continuously live in a boring, i.e., understimulating environment becomes apathetic or restless and may resort to stereotypical substitute activities.
Primates
primates in the Classroom An Evolutionary Perspective on Children's Education.By J. Gary Bernhard. Sex and Friendship in baboons by Barbara B. Smuts.
http://www.evoyage.com/BooksBySubject/primates.htm

Extractions: As a young woman, Jane Goodall was best known for her groundbreaking fieldwork with the chimpanzees of Gombe, Africa. Goodall's work has always been controversial, mostly because she broke the mold of research scientist by developing meaningful relationships with her "specimens" and honoring their lives as she would other humans. Now at the age of 60, she continues to break the mold of scientist by revealing how her research and worldwide conservation institutes spring from her childhood callings and adult spiritual convictions. Reason for Hope is a smoothly written memoir that does not shy away from facing the realities of environmental destruction, animal abuse, and genocide. But Goodall shares her antidote to the poison of despair with specific examples of why she has not lost faith. For instance, she shares her spiritual epiphany during a visit to Auschwitz; her bravery in the face of chimpanzee imprisonment in medical laboratories; and devotes a whole chapter to individuals, corporations, and countries that are doing the right thing. But most of all Goodall provides a beautifully written plea for why everyone can and must find a reason for hope.
Zoo Worksheet - The Primates
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Task 3. Behaviour of the primates Monkeys and apes are social animalsand have well developed systems of communication. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. baboons.
http://www.piopio.school.nz/primate.htm
Primates For Primates
University. primates in captivity why diversity matters. them. I will enlargeupon this theme, using examples from baboons and squirrel monkeys.
http://www.lisp.com.au/~primate/colin.htm

Extractions: The spurious dichotomy, "human vs. animal", continues to inform most humans' attitudes towards other species, even though it is a biological nonsense. Non-humans are not just "animals"; equally, they are not just small furry humans. Each species is unique, and this has consequences for captive care and husbandry as much as for our philosophical appreciation of them. I will enlarge upon this theme, using examples from baboons and squirrel monkeys. Introduction
Baboons Show Signs Of Abstract Thought, A Human Trait
Previously, chimpanzees were the only nonhuman primates to demonstrate similar skillsin experiments. baboons are Old World monkeys that split from humans and
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/10/1018_wirebaboonthinking.html
Ryne A. Palombit's Homepage
in savanna baboons Adaptive significance and intraspecific variation. In SexualSelection and Reproductive Competition in primates New Perspectives and
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~palombit/

Extractions: I am interested in understanding how the extraordinary diversity of social and mating strategies in animals (both human and nonhuman) has evolved. My current interests focus on a feature of primate biology that largely differentiates these animals from most other mammals: cohesive social bonds between adult males and females persisting beyond estrus. I use the comparative approach and field experiments to understand the behavioral and ecological bases of variation in male-female social relationships. I have studied monogamous pair bonds in wild white-handed gibbons ( Hylobates lar ) and siamang ( H.syndactylus
Shocking Exposé Of The Cruel Trade In African Baboons For Research
A number of wildcaught baboons once used in laboratory research haveretired to API's 170-acre sanctuary for nonhuman primates in Texas.
http://www.charitywire.com/00-00879.htm

Extractions: The Two Towers Sacramento, CA Today, the Animal Protection Institute (API) joined the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) in releasing the results of the BUAV's undercover investigation into the international trade in wild caught baboons for research. BUAV investigators infiltrated the primate supply network in Tanzania and filmed exclusive footage that reveals the shocking suffering inflicted on these highly sensitive non-human primates. The investigation revealed: - a lucrative trade in wild Olive baboons, sold for as little as $12 by trappers yet earning nearly $1,200 each on the international market. - the capture of wild baboons using cruel, crude bamboo traps. - entire baboon families ripped from the wild and kept in inhumane conditions. Tanzania is an increasingly popular tourist destination for those eager to experience wild animals in their natural habitat. Yet, there is a hidden side to Tanzania - the secret but lucrative trade in wild-caught Olive baboons captured for research.
VSC 443/543 (U Of A) Biology Of Nonhuman Primates
over 40 genera and more than 100 species of old world primates have been They arePapio spp., the baboons; Cercopithecus aethiops, the vervet or African green
http://www.ahsc.arizona.edu/uac/notes/classes/primatebiology/primatesbiology.htm

Extractions: University of Arizona - Tucson CLASSIFICATION OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES (see Table 1 Nonhuman primates are classified into four major categories: PROSIMIANS, NEW WORLD MONKEYS ( Platyrrhiny ), OLD WORLD MONKEYS ( Catarrhina ), and APES ( Hominoidea ). The true prosimians are primitive primates far removed from human stock and are found in arboreal habitats. The Lemuriformes of Madagascar are classified as endangered species and trade in them is not permitted. So far, no particular uses for them in medical research have been found. The new world monkeys (NWM) comprise two families the Callitrichidae (marmosets and tamarinds) and Cebidae, the members of which vary greatly in size, diet, habits, and color. They are more distantly related to man than the old world primates and may for this reason be a less reliable model for medical studies. Only five groups are in regular use in laboratories: 1. Marmosets and tamarins (
BIOLOGY OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES
aubis). baboons are relatively large primates, with the females weighingfrom 11 to 15 kg and males weighing 22 to 30 kg. Due to
http://www.ahsc.arizona.edu/uac/notes/classes/primatebiology/biology_of_nonhuman

Extractions: Reference Nonhuman primates belong to the order Primates which contains three suborders: New Work monkeys (NWM) are found in Central and South America and consist of two families of primates: the Callitrichidea, which include the marmosets and tamarins, and the Cebidea, which include howler, woolly, spider, woolly spider, owl (night), and squirrel monkeys as well as titis, sakis, capuchins, and uakaris. The marmosets and tamarins are small, fruit-eating animals that are active in the daytime and live in small groups in an arboreal environment. They are unique among the primates in that except for the big toe, all of their digits have long, sharp claws. Marmosets and tamarins are very territorial and make high-pitched, bird-like calls.
Visual Cognition In Humans And Baboons
by humans and nonhuman primates, especially when those primates phylogeneticallyclose the processing of visual information by humans and baboons, by testing
http://www.saga-jp.org/coe_abst/fagot.htm

Extractions: Visual cognition in humans and baboons CNRS, France Homo sapiens ) and baboons ( Papio papio Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance Homo sapiens ), chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) and baboons ( Papio papio ). In T. Matsuzawa (Ed.), Primate Origin of Human Cognition and Behavior. Tokyo : Springer Verlag. Current Psychology of Cognition Fagot Center for Research in Cognitive Neurosciences, CNRS 31 ch. Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille cedex 20, France fagot@lnf.cnrs-mrs.fr
International News - Campaign For Responsible Transplantation
reveals the suffering inflicted on these highly sensitive nonhuman primates. Ourinvestigation has revealed a lucrative trade in wild Olive baboons, sold for
http://www.crt-online.org/103100.html

Extractions: 31 October 2000 The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) has today revealed the shocking results of its undercover investigation into the international trade in wild caught baboons for research. BUAV investigators travelled to Tanzania to infiltrate the primate supply network and obtained unique footage that reveals the suffering inflicted on these highly sensitive non-human primates. Our investigation has revealed: Tanzania is a country of great natural wealth and spectacular beauty. It is well known for its extensive flora and fauna and is home to more than 4 million wild animals; including many non-human primates. It is becoming an increasingly popular destination for tourists who travel to the country keen to experience wildlife safaris to see animals in their natural habitat. Yet, there is a side to Tanzania that remains hidden - the secret but lucrative trade in wild Olive baboons (Papio anubis). Key customers include international primate dealers based in the USA as well as laboratories in Russia and Yugoslavia.

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