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This digital document is an article from Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa 2, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 384 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.This second edition reflects the far-reaching changes the Middle East has undergone in recent years, making it more relevant and necessary than ever before. Covers the modern history of the Middle East and North Africa, with major sections on Colonialism and Imperialism, the World Wars, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the United Nations' involvement in the region. Each country in the region is reviewed, detailing its population, economy, and government. ... Read more

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For more than four decades Yasar Kemal has been Turkey's greatest and best-known writer. His works have been translated into every major language, and he has been short-listed several times for the Nobel Prize in Literature. In 1957 Kemal became friends with the French writer Alain Bosquet, and much later the idea for a "conversation in correspondence" between the two writers developed. The "conversation," which is really a series of questions by Bosquet that are answered at length by Kemal, was published in Paris by Gallimard in 1990. In this work Kemal describes his life, including the political persecution he experienced for his leftist politics, the development of his literary art, and the influences that have played a significant role in his life. His account of how Turkish and Kurdish oral epic traditions influenced his work is significant, for it marks Kemal as the preeminent figure in modern world literature who combines literary traditions of East and West, poetry and prose, and folk and classical styles. ... Read more